论文标题：Reward of labor coordination and hunting success in wild chimpanzees

期刊：Communications Biology

作者：Liran Samuni, Anna Preis, Tobias Deschner, Catherine Crockford, Roman M. Wittig

发表时间：2018/09/10

数字识别码： 10.1038/s42003-018-0142-3

原文链接：http://t.cn/EL8BIba

合作狩猎并分享肉类被认为是人类进化过程中重要的适应步骤，也是生物学上重要的成功。野生黑猩猩同样成群进行狩猎，尽管我们可以由此推断这一行为是人类原始祖先就有的适应性，然而这不足以说明黑猩猩的狩猎是否为合作行为。

在《通讯-生物学》发表的Reward of labor coordination and hunting success in wild chimpanzees一文中，来自马克斯-普朗克研究所的LiranSamuni及团队为野生大猩猩协作获取食物提供了证据。因为如果不考虑乞食行为的话，真正投入狩猎行动的黑猩猩比起旁观者有更大概率获得食物。协助寻找猎物或者FC碰碰胡老虎机法典-提高赢钱机率的下注技巧参与到狩猎过程中都可以提升狩猎的成功率，这就意味着分工合作可以提高个体参与的积极性。作者还发现与对照组相比，参与狩猎或搜寻猎物后，黑猩猩尿液中的催产素含量升高。因此他们得出结论，黑猩猩的狩猎是合作行为，背后可能存在行为机制的协调和神经内分泌系统的奖赏机制。如果说合作狩猎塑造了人类进化史的特性，那么很可能相似的选择压力也同样作用于人类与黑猩猩最相近的共同祖先并影响它们的生活行为。

摘要：Cooperative hunting and meat sharing are hypothesized as fundamental to human life history adaptations and biological success. Wild chimpanzees also hunt in groups, and despite the potential of inferring ancestral hominid adaptations, it remains unclear whether chimpanzee hunting is a cooperative act. Here we show support for cooperative acquisition in wild chimpanzees since hunters are more likely to receive meat than bystanders, independent of begging effort. Engagement in prey searches and higher hunt participation independently increase hunting success, suggesting that coordination may improve motivation in joint tasks. We also find higher levels of urinary oxytocin after hunts and prey searches compared with controls. We conclude that chimpanzee hunting is cooperative, likely facilitated by behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms of coordination and reward. If group hunting has shaped humans’ life history traits, perhaps similar pressures acted upon life history patterns in the last common ancestor of human and chimpanzee.

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期刊介绍：Communications Biology(https://www.nature.com/commsbio/) is an open access journal from Nature Research publishing high-quality research, reviews and commentary in all areas of the biological sciences. Research papers published by the journal represent significant advances bringing new biological insight to a specialized area of research.

（来源：科学网）