论文标题：Antibiotic treatment for Tuberculosis induces a profound dysbiosis of the microbiome that persists long after therapy is completed

期刊：Scientific Reports

作者：Vanni Bucci & Michael S. Glickman et al

发表时间：2017/09/07

数字识别码：10.1038/s41598-017-10346-6

原文链接：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10346-6?utm_source=Other_website&utm_medium=Website_links&utm_content=RenLi-Nature-Scientific_Reports-Genomics-China&utm_campaign=SCIREP_USG_JRCN_RL_sciencenet_microbiome_Aug_3rd

结核杆菌引起结核病（TB），感染了全球三分之一的人口，并导致世界性的大规模死亡。结核病最短的治疗计划需要联用广谱抗生素和分枝杆菌特异性抗生素的多药治疗6个月，而多药耐药性结核病的治疗时间则更长。这种治疗体系的广泛使用使之成为人类接触抗菌药的最大来源之一，但结核病治疗对肠道微生物组的组分和长期稳定性的影响尚不清楚。

在《科学报告》发表的Antibiotic treatment for Tuberculosis induces a profound dysbiosis of the microbiome that persists long after therapy is completed一文中，美国麻州大学达特茅斯分校的Vanni Bucci和美国纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心、威尔康奈尔医学院的Michael S. Glickman等作者通过16S rDNA和宏基因组DNA测序评估，比较了结核病患者在抗生素治疗期间和6个月抗生素治愈后的微生物组组成。

尽管结核病治疗不会扰乱总体多样性，但会显著减少多种在免疫上非常重要的共生细菌。结核病疗法对微生物的影响可持续至少1.2年，这表明结核病治疗带来影响是持久性的。这些结果证明了结核病治疗对肠道微生物组具有显着影响，并特别强调了世界上最常见感染的治疗所带来的难以预料的长期后果。

摘要：Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of Tuberculosis (TB), infects one third of the world’s population and causes substantial mortality worldwide. In its shortest format, treatment of TB requires six months of multidrug therapy with a mixture of broad spectrum and mycobacterial specific antibiotics, and treatment of multidrug resistant TB is longer. The widespread use of this regimen makes this one of the largest exposures of humans to antimicrobials, yet the effects of TB treatment on intestinal microbiome composition and long-term stability are unknown. We compared the microbiome composition, assessed by both 16S rDNA and metagenomic DNA sequencing, of TB cases during antimycobacterial treatment and following cure by 6 months of antibiotics. TB treatment does not perturb overall diversity, but nonetheless dramatically depletes multiple immunologically significant commensal bacteria. The microbiomic perturbation of TB therapy can persist for at least 1.2 years, indicating that the effects of TB treatment are long lasting. These results demonstrate that TB treatment has dramatic effects on the intestinal microbiome and highlight unexpected durable consequences of treatment for the world’s most common infection on human ecology.

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（来源：科学网）