美国佐治亚州立大学Andrew T. Gewirtz课题组发现分段丝状细菌可预防和治疗轮状病毒感染。 这一研究成果2019年10月10日在线发表在国际学术期刊《细胞》上。
尽管清除轮状病毒（RV）通常需要适应性免疫，但研究者无意间构建了RV抵抗性免疫缺陷小鼠，研究人员推测这反映某些微生物可以针对性抵抗RV。并且，这种RV抵抗性可通过共宿和粪便移植来传播。通过加热，过滤和抗菌剂来处理保护RV的微生物菌群，然后将稀释的处理过的微生物群转移到无菌小鼠体内并进行微生物组分析。
这种方法表明分段的丝状细菌（SFB）足以保护小鼠免受RV感染和相关的腹泻。这种保护与先前定义的RV阻抗因素无关，包括干扰素、IL-17和IL-22。SFB在回肠的定植诱导宿主基因表达的变化，并加速上皮细胞更新。在体外，将RV与含有SFB的粪便一起孵育可降低RV的感染性，表明RV可被直接中和。因此，不受免疫细胞的影响，SFB可针对某些肠道病毒感染和相关的腹泻病提供保护。
据介绍，轮状病毒（RV）在各种微生物包围中接触肠道上皮细胞，从而提供了微生物影响RV感染的可能性。
附：英文原文
Title: Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Prevent and Cure Rotavirus Infection
Author: Zhenda Shi, Jun Zou, Zhan Zhang, Xu Zhao, Juan Noriega, Benyue Zhang, Chunyu Zhao, Harshad Ingle, Kyle Bittinger, Lisa M. Mattei, Andrea J. Pruijssers, Richard K. Plemper, Timothy J. Nice, Megan T. Baldridge, Terence S. Dermody, Benoit Chassaing, Andrew T. Gewirtz
Issue&Volume: 10 October 2019
Abstract:
Rotavirus (RV) encounters intestinal epithelial cells amidst diverse microbiota, opening possibilities of microbes influencing RV infection. Although RV clearance typically requires adaptive immunity, we unintentionally generated RV-resistant immunodeficient mice, which, we hypothesized, reflected select microbes protecting against RV. Accordingly, such RV resistance was transferred by co-housing and fecal transplant. RV-protecting microbiota were interrogated by heat, filtration, and antimicrobial agents, followed by limiting dilution transplant to germ-free mice and microbiome analysis. This approach revealed that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) were sufficient to protect mice against RV infection and associated diarrhea. Such protection was independent of previously defined RV-impeding factors, including interferon, IL-17, and IL-22. Colonization of the ileum by SFB induced changes in host gene expression and accelerated epithelial cell turnover. Incubation of RV with SFB-containing feces reduced infectivity in vitro, suggesting direct neutralization of RV. Thus, independent of immune cells, SFB confer protection against certain enteric viral infections and associated diarrheal disease.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.028
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)31079-7