加拿大达尔豪斯大学Jon Dorling课题组近日取得一项新成果，他们进行了两种早产儿增加母乳喂养进度的对照试验。相关论文于2019年10月10日发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上。

研究组招募了2804名超早产儿或超低出生体重婴儿，将其随机分组，其中快速增加组1224名，每天每公斤体重增加30毫升母乳，缓慢增加组1246名，每天每公斤体重增加18毫升母乳，直至达到正常喂养量。快速增加组中有802名（65.5%）婴儿获得无中重度神经发育障碍生存，缓慢增加组中有848名（68.1%）。快速增加组中有29.8%的婴儿发生晚发型败血症，缓慢增加组为31.1%；快速增加组中有5.0%的婴儿发生坏死性小肠结肠炎，缓慢增长组为5.6%。

总而言之，对于超早产或超低出生体重婴儿，每天每公斤增加30毫升母乳与18毫升母乳相比，并未显著增加无中重度神经发育障碍的存活率。

据悉，早产儿肠道喂养量的缓慢增加可降低坏死性小肠结肠炎的风险，但增加了晚发型败血症的风险。

附：英文原文

Title: Controlled Trial of Two Incremental Milk-Feeding Rates in Preterm Infants

Author: Jon Dorling, Jane Abbott, Janet Berrington, Beth Bosiak, Ursula Bowler, Elaine Boyle, Nicholas Embleton, Oliver Hewer, Samantha Johnson, Edmund Juszczak, Alison Leaf, Louise Linsell, Kenny McCormick, William McGuire, Omar Omar, Christopher Partlett, Mehali Patel, Tracy Roberts, Ben Stenson, John Townend

Issue&Volume: Vol 381 No 15

Abstract: 

BACKGROUND
Observational data have shown that slow advancement of enteral feeding volumes in preterm infants is associated with a reduced risk of necrotizing enterocolitis but an increased risk of late-onset sepsis. However, data from randomized trials are limited.

METHODS
We randomly assigned very preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants to daily milk increments of 30 ml per kilogram of body weight (faster increment) or 18 ml per kilogram (slower increment) until reaching full feeding volumes. The primary outcome was survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental disability at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included components of the primary outcome, confirmed or suspected late-onset sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and cerebral palsy.

RESULTS
Among 2804 infants who underwent randomization, the primary outcome could be assessed in 1224 (87.4%) assigned to the faster increment and 1246 (88.7%) assigned to the slower increment. Survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental disability at 24 months occurred in 802 of 1224 infants (65.5%) assigned to the faster increment and 848 of 1246 (68.1%) assigned to the slower increment (adjusted risk ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.01; P=0.16). Late-onset sepsis occurred in 414 of 1389 infants (29.8%) in the faster-increment group and 434 of 1397 (31.1%) in the slower-increment group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.07). Necrotizing enterocolitis occurred in 70 of 1394 infants (5.0%) in the faster-increment group and 78 of 1399 (5.6%) in the slower-increment group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.16).

CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant difference in survival without moderate or severe neurodevelopmental disability at 24 months in very preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants with a strategy of advancing milk feeding volumes in daily increments of 30 ml per kilogram as compared with 18 ml per kilogram. 

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1816654

Source: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1816654