葡萄糖感知神经元可调节胰岛素和胰高血糖素
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2019/10/24 16:27:41
美国纽约大学医学院Greg S. B. Suh小组在最新研究中,发现果蝇中的葡萄糖感知神经元能够调节胰岛素和胰高血糖素。2019年10月24日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这一成果。
研究人员在果蝇的大脑中识别出一对带有分叉轴突的葡萄糖敏感神经元。一个轴突分支伸向产胰岛素的细胞,触发果蝇胰岛素样肽2(dilp2)的释放,另一个轴突伸向促脂肪移动激素(AKH)产生细胞抑制AKH(果蝇中胰高血糖素的类似物)的分泌。这些轴突分支响应其内部能量状态的变化从而经历突触重塑。这些葡萄糖敏感神经元的沉默大大降低了胰岛素生产细胞对葡萄糖和dilp2分泌的反应,抑制了心侧体中AKH的分泌并引起了高血糖症,这是糖尿病的标志性特征。
研究人员认为,当血淋巴葡萄糖水平高时,这些葡萄糖敏感神经元通过促进dilp2的分泌和抑制AKH的释放来维持葡萄糖稳态。
据悉,尽管葡萄糖传感神经元已于50年前被发现,但葡萄糖传感在多细胞生物中的生理作用仍不清楚。
附:英文原文
Title:A glucose-sensing neuron pair regulates insulin and glucagon in Drosophila
Author:Yangkyun Oh, Jason Sih-Yu Lai, Holly J. Mills, Hediye Erdjument-Bromage, Benno Giammarinaro, Khalil Saadipour, Justin G. Wang, Farhan Abu, Thomas A. Neubert & Greg S. B. Suh
Issue&Volume:Volume 574 Issue 7779
Abstract: Although glucose-sensing neurons were identified more than 50 years ago, the physiological role of glucose sensing in metazoans remains unclear. Here we identify a pair of glucose-sensing neurons with bifurcated axons in the brain of Drosophila. One axon branch projects to insulin-producing cells to trigger the release of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (dilp2) and the other extends to adipokinetic hormone (AKH)–producing cells to inhibit secretion of AKH, the fly analogue of glucagon. These axonal branches undergo synaptic remodelling in response to changes in their internal energy status. Silencing of these glucose-sensing neurons largely disabled the response of insulin-producing cells to glucose and dilp2 secretion, disinhibited AKH secretion in corpora cardiaca and caused hyperglycaemia, a hallmark feature of diabetes mellitus. We propose that these glucose-sensing neurons maintain glucose homeostasis by promoting the secretion of dilp2 and suppressing the release of AKH when haemolymph glucose levels are high.
DOI:10.1038/s41586-019-1675-4
期刊信息
Nature:《自然》,创刊于1869年。隶属于施普林格·自然出版集团,最新IF:43.07
官方网址:http://www.nature.com/
投稿链接:http://www.nature.com/authors/submit_manuscript.html