慢振荡和δ波在记忆的巩固和遗忘中发挥竞争作用，这一成果由美国加州大学旧金山分校的Karunesh Ganguly团队近期取得。相关论文于2019年10月3日发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。

研究人员介绍，睡眠与记忆巩固和经历遗忘有关。但是，目前尚不清楚什么决定着巩固与遗忘之间的平衡。

研究人员测试了睡眠期间与活动有关的过程如何可能差异地调节这两个过程。研究人员专门测试了非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠过程中神经重激活是如何与神经活动的巩固与削弱发生因果联系的。令人惊讶的是，研究人员发现慢速振荡（SO）和δ波在巩固与遗忘之间具有可分离和竞争的作用。通过使用闭环光遗传学方法调制与SO或δ波相关的皮质脉冲，研究人员可以分别减弱或增强巩固，从而双向调制与睡眠有关的性能提升。

研究人员进一步发现，相对于δ波，纺锤体神经元到SO的时间耦合变化可以解释这种影响。因此，这些结果表明，由SO和δ波驱动的神经活动在依赖睡眠的记忆巩固中具有竞争作用。

附：英文原文

Title: Competing Roles of Slow Oscillations and Delta Waves in Memory Consolidation versus Forgetting

Author: Jaekyung Kim, Tanuj Gulati, Karunesh Ganguly

Issue&Volume: 2019/10/03

Abstract: Sleep has been implicated in both memory consolidation and forgetting of experiences. However, it is unclear what governs the balance between consolidation and forgetting. Here, we tested how activity-dependent processing during sleep might differentially regulate these two processes. We specifically examined how neural reactivations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep were causally linked to consolidation versus weakening of the neural correlates of neuroprosthetic skill. Strikingly, we found that slow oscillations (SOs) and delta (δ) waves have dissociable and competing roles in consolidation versus forgetting. By modulating cortical spiking linked to SOs or δ waves using closed-loop optogenetic methods, we could, respectively, weaken or strengthen consolidation and thereby bidirectionally modulate sleep-dependent performance gains. We further found that changes in the temporal coupling of spindles to SOs relative to δ waves could account for such effects. Thus, our results indicate that neural activity driven by SOs and δ waves have competing roles in sleep-dependent memory consolidation.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.040

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30959-6