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美国波士顿霍华德休斯医学院Stephen J. Elledge和Michael J. Mina研究组合作发现麻疹病毒感染会减少现有抗体，而这些抗体可以保护机体免受其他病原体的侵害。这一研究成果于11月1日发表在国际学术期刊《科学》杂志上。

为了识别和量化麻疹对免疫系统的长期影响，他们使用了VirScan，这是一种追踪血液中数千种病原体表位抗体的测定方法。他们研究了77名未接种疫苗的儿童在自然麻疹病毒感染之前和之后两个月的变化。麻疹导致个体间11%至73%的抗体谱的消除。自然暴露于病原体后，检测到抗体的回复。

值得注意的是，在MMR（麻疹，腮腺炎和风疹）疫苗接种的婴儿中未观察到这些免疫系统的作用，但在麻疹感染的猕猴中被证实。麻疹感染后体液免疫记忆的降低可能导致将来感染的脆弱性，从而强调了广泛接种疫苗的必要性。

研究人员表示，麻疹病毒每年直接导致100,000多人死亡。流行病学研究表明麻疹与感染后数年的发病率和死亡率增加有关，但人们对其原因尚不清楚。麻疹病毒感染免疫细胞能够引起急性免疫抑制。

附：英文原文

Title: Measles virus infection diminishes preexisting antibodies that offer protection from other pathogens

Author: Michael J. Mina, Tomasz Kula, Yumei Leng, Mamie Li, Rory D. de Vries, Mikael Knip, Heli Siljander, Marian Rewers, David F. Choy, Mark S. Wilson, H. Benjamin Larman, Ashley N. Nelson, Diane E. Griffin, Rik L. de Swart, Stephen J. Elledge

Issue&Volume: 2019/11/01

Abstract: Measles virus is directly responsible for more than 100,000 deaths yearly. Epidemiological studies have associated measles with increased morbidity and mortality for years after infection, but the reasons why are poorly understood. Measles virus infects immune cells, causing acute immune suppression. To identify and quantify long-term effects of measles on the immune system, we used VirScan, an assay that tracks antibodies to thousands of pathogen epitopes in blood. We studied 77 unvaccinated children before and 2 months after natural measles virus infection. Measles caused elimination of 11 to 73% of the antibody repertoire across individuals. Recovery of antibodies was detected after natural reexposure to pathogens. Notably, these immune system effects were not observed in infants vaccinated against MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella), but were confirmed in measles-infected macaques. The reduction in humoral immune memory after measles infection generates potential vulnerability to future infections, underscoring the need for widespread vaccination.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6485

Source:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6465/599