近日，美国国家癌症研究所Sandra L. Wolin与罗切斯特大学Lynne E. Maquat合作总结了细细胞RNA监控在健康与疾病中的作用。相关论文2019年11月15日发表于国际学术期刊《科学》。

研究人表示，靶向有缺陷的核糖核酸（RNA）降解的众多质量控制途径在塑造哺乳动物转录组和预防疾病中起着关键作用。

因此，研究人员总结了这些途径，其可监控非编码RNA（ncRNA）和蛋白质编码信使RNA（mRNA）的生物合成中的大多数步骤，降解无法与一种或多种蛋白质形成功能复合物的ncRNA，并消除编码异常的、潜在毒性蛋白质的mRNA。多种RNA监控途径的组成中的突变表现为疾病。一些突变的特点是干扰素产生增加，表明这些途径的主要作用是防止异常的细胞RNA被识别为“非自身”。其他突变在癌症中很常见，或导致发育缺陷，这表明 RNA监控在细胞和机体中的功能。

附：英文原文

Title: Cellular RNA surveillance in health and disease

Author: Sandra L. Wolin, Lynne E. Maquat

Issue&Volume: 2019/11/15

Abstract: The numerous quality control pathways that target defective ribonucleic acids (RNAs) for degradation play key roles in shaping mammalian transcriptomes and preventing disease. These pathways monitor most steps in the biogenesis of both noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs), degrading ncRNAs that fail to form functional complexes with one or more proteins and eliminating mRNAs that encode abnormal, potentially toxic proteins. Mutations in components of diverse RNA surveillance pathways manifest as disease. Some mutations are characterized by increased interferon production, suggesting that a major role of these pathways is to prevent aberrant cellular RNAs from being recognized as “non-self.” Other mutations are common in cancer, or result in developmental defects, revealing the importance of RNA surveillance to cell and organismal function.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aax2957

Source:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6467/822