美国俄勒冈州立大学Matthew G. Betts、Christopher Wolf等研究人员合作揭示栖息地碎片化对动物的全球影响。2019年12月6日出版的《科学》发表了这项成果。
研究人员表示，栖息地丧失是世界范围内生物多样性减少的主要因素，但栖息地碎片化（剩余栖息地的空间排列）的影响也处于争论中。
研究人员检验了以下假设：森林碎片敏感性（受避开栖息地边缘的影响）应由历史暴露以及物种对干扰的进化反应所驱动。使用包含全球范围内收集的73个数据集（包括4489种动物）的数据库，研究人员发现，历史扰动率低地区的碎片化敏感物种比例是扰乱率高的地区（即火灾、冰灾、飓风和森林砍伐）的近三倍。这些干扰与纬度梯度一致，低纬度比高纬度的敏感性增加了六倍。研究人员认为，限制边缘（由碎片化所引起）的保护工作在世界热带森林中将是最为重要的。
附：英文原文
Title: Extinction filters mediate the global effects of habitat fragmentation on animals
Author: Matthew G. Betts, Christopher Wolf, Marion Pfeifer, Cristina Banks-Leite, Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Jos Barlow, Felix Eigenbrod, Deborah Faria, Robert J. Fletcher, Adam S. Hadley, Joseph E. Hawes, Robert D. Holt, Brian Klingbeil, Urs Kormann, Luc Lens, Taal Levi, Guido F. Medina-Rangel, Stephanie L. Melles, Dirk Mezger, José Carlos Morante-Filho, C. David L. Orme, Carlos A. Peres, Benjamin T. Phalan, Anna Pidgeon, Hugh Possingham, William J. Ripple, Eleanor M. Slade, Eduardo Somarriba, Joseph A. Tobias, Jason M. Tylianakis, J. Nicolás Urbina-Cardona, Jonathon J. Valente, James I. Watling, Konstans Wells, Oliver R. Wearn, Eric Wood, Richard Young, Robert M. Ewers
Issue&Volume: 2019/12/06
Abstract: Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide, but the effects of fragmentation (the spatial arrangement of remaining habitat) are debated. We tested the hypothesis that forest fragmentation sensitivity—affected by avoidance of habitat edges—should be driven by historical exposure to, and therefore species’ evolutionary responses to disturbance. Using a database containing 73 datasets collected worldwide (encompassing 4489 animal species), we found that the proportion of fragmentation-sensitive species was nearly three times as high in regions with low rates of historical disturbance compared with regions with high rates of disturbance (i.e., fires, glaciation, hurricanes, and deforestation). These disturbances coincide with a latitudinal gradient in which sensitivity increases sixfold at low versus high latitudes. We conclude that conservation efforts to limit edges created by fragmentation will be most important in the world’s tropical forests.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9387
Source:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6470/1236