论文标题：Quantifying harms to others due to alcohol consumption in Germany: a register-based study

期刊：BMC Medicine

作者：Ludwig Kraus, Nicki-Nils Seitz, Kevin D. Shield, Gerrit Gmel and Jürgen Rehm

发表时间：2019/03/19

数字识别码：10.1186/s12916-019-1290-0

原文链接：https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1290-0?utm_source=other&utm_medium=other&utm_content=null&utm_campaign=BSCN_2_WX_BMCMedicine_arti_scinet

微信链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8rU_BI7M6WDlqh3aIgmB7g

最近发表在开放获取期刊BMC Medicine 上的一项研究，评估了2014年在德国由于饮酒对他人所造成的伤害情况。

大部分针对酒精危害的研究，调查的都是酒精对饮酒者造成的伤害，而德国巴伐利亚疗法研究所的研究者们另辟蹊径，研究了酒精对饮酒者以外的其他人所造成的伤害，其中包括孕期饮酒、交通事故和暴力事件。作者总结，酒精对饮酒者以外的其他人所造成的伤害需要被认定为一个公共卫生问题，并需要有效的办法来预防这种危害。

研究的通讯作者Ludwig Kraus博士说：“这个研究评估了酒精对饮酒者以外其他人所造成的伤害中最严重的一些，比如胎儿酒精症候群（FAS）、胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）、酒醉驾造成的交通事故死亡以及饮酒引发的人际暴力伤亡。”

作者发现有1214起（45.1%）第三方责任交通事故死亡和55起（14.9%）人际暴力死亡是因酒精而起，同时酒精与2930例FAS和12650例FASD有关。并且作者指出，孕期饮酒带来的害处并不仅限于FAS和FASD。总的来说，这些结果表明酒精并不只对饮酒者有害，对第三方的害处也是巨大的。

Kraus博士说：“尽管这三大类伤害的数据无法直接放在一起比较，但研究结果表明孕期饮酒所造成的死亡最多，交通事故死亡其次，这两者的数量显著多于饮酒相关暴力造成的他人死亡。”

为了调查酒精对非饮酒者造成的潜在伤害，作者调研了德国孕期饮酒发生率的调查数据，以评估FAS和FASD的发生率。另外死因统计数据为评估酒精导致的第三方交通意外死亡和人际暴力死亡提供了依据。

作者提醒，在德国想精确评估孕期饮酒的发生率和饮酒程度比较困难，因为这些数据都来自自我报告，容易出现偏差或记忆错误。

Krasu博士说：“像定价政策或限制酒精饮料的市场推广这样的措施不怎么受欢迎，但以特定高危人群（如育龄女性或司机等道路使用者）为目标制定的针对性措施或有助于降低酒精对他人以及饮酒者自己的伤害。”

摘要：

Background

The consumption of alcohol increases the risk of drinkers harming others. The extent of alcohol’s morbidity and mortality harms to others in Germany in 2014 was estimated for (1) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) among newborns, (2) road traffic fatalities, and (3) interpersonal violence-related deaths.

Methods

The incidences of FAS and FASD were estimated by means of a meta-analytical approach, combining data on alcohol use during pregnancy and the risk relationship between alcohol consumption during pregnancy and FAS/FASD. In order to estimate alcohol-attributable road traffic fatalities and interpersonal violence due to the drinking of others, an attributable fraction methodology was applied to cause-of-death statistics for road traffic and interpersonal violence-related deaths.

Results

For 2014, the incidences of FAS and FASD were estimated at 41 children per 10,000 live births (95% CI 24; 63) and 177 children per 10,000 live births (95% CI 135; 320), or 2930 (95% CI 1720; 4500) and 12,650 (95% CI 9650; 23,310) children, respectively. Furthermore, alcohol was estimated to be responsible for 1214 (95% CI 1141; 1287) third-party road traffic fatalities and 55 (95% CI 46; 64) deaths from interpersonal violence, representing 45.1% of all third-party road traffic fatalities and 14.9% of all interpersonal violence deaths.

Conclusion

These study’s estimates indicate there is a substantial degree of health harm to third parties caused by alcohol in Germany. While more research on harms to others caused by alcohol is needed to provide comprehensive estimates, the results indicate a need for effective prevention.

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https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1290-0?utm_source=other&utm_medium=other&utm_content=null&utm_campaign=BSCN_2_WX_BMCMedicine_arti_scinet

期刊介绍:

BMC Medicine (https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/,9.088 - 2-year Impact Factor, 9.41 - 5-year Impact Factor) is the flagship medical journal of the BMC series. An open access, open peer-reviewed general medical journal, BMC Medicine publishes outstanding and influential research in all areas of clinical practice, translational medicine, medical and health advances, public health, global health, policy, and general topics of interest to the biomedical and sociomedical professional communities. We also publish stimulating debates and reviews as well as unique forum articles and concise tutorials.

（来源：科学网）