论文标题：Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes after Receipt of the Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001–2017

期刊：Scientific Reports

作者：Mary A. M. Rogers, Tanima Basu, Catherine Kim

发表时间：2019/06/13

数字识别码： 10.1038/s41598-019-44193-4

原文链接： http://t.cn/AiNSYBJ5

微信链接：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/M-wMFsF40UdNIK4br4sJ1g

根据《科学报告》发表的一项研究 Lower Incidence Rate of Type 1 Diabetes after Receipt of the Rotavirus Vaccine in the United States, 2001–2017，常规接种轮状病毒疫苗可能和儿童I型糖尿病风险降低相关。轮状病毒是腹泻和呕吐的一种常见起因。

图1：研究参与者的流程图。图源：Rogers

美国密歇根大学安娜堡分校的Mary Rogers及同事利用来自私人健康保险公司的匿名数据，研究了2001年至2017年在美国出生的1,474,535名婴儿，发现完全完成轮状病毒疫苗接种（即接种了所有必需剂量）的儿童与未接种的儿童相比，前者I型糖尿病的风险有所下降。在2006年至2017年间出生且接种了疫苗的540,317名儿童中，192名患上了糖尿病（相当于每年12.2/十万名儿童）。在同期未接种疫苗的246,600名儿童中，166名患上了糖尿病（相当于每年20.6/十万名儿童）。不完全接种（遗漏了一次或多次剂量）与糖尿病发病率不相关。

2006年至2017年使用了两种轮状病毒疫苗，一种是预防五种不同类型轮状病毒的五价疫苗，一种是预防一种轮状病毒的单价疫苗。接种了其中任意一种疫苗的儿童与未接种的儿童相比，前者因轮状病毒感染而住院的比率比后者低94%。在接种疫苗后的60天内，前者的整体住院率也较后者低31%，这表明疫苗是安全的。完全接种三个剂量的五价疫苗使I型糖尿病的风险降低了37%。

过去的人类及动物研究已将轮状病毒感染与I型糖尿病、β细胞损伤和胰腺感染联系起来。虽然还需要开展进一步的研究来详细探索接种轮状病毒疫苗与I型糖尿病风险下降之间的关联，但是作者认为接种轮状病毒疫苗可能是一种可以帮助预防I型糖尿病的可行措施。

摘要：We evaluated whether rotavirus vaccination is associated with the incidence of type 1 diabetes among children. We designed a cohort study of 1,474,535 infants in the United States from 2001–2017, using data from a nationwide health insurer. There was a 33% reduction in the risk of type 1 diabetes with completion of the rotavirus vaccine series compared to the unvaccinated (95% CI: 17%, 46%). Completion of the pentavalent vaccine series was associated with 37% lower risk of type 1 diabetes (95% CI: 22%, 50%). Partial vaccination (incompletion of the series) was not associated with the incidence of type 1 diabetes. There was a 31% reduction in hospitalizations in the 60-day period after vaccination (95% CI: 27%, 35%) compared to unvaccinated children. Overall, there was a 3.4% decrease in incidence annually in children ages 0–4 in the United States from 2006–2017 which coincides with the vaccine introduction in 2006. We conclude that rotavirus vaccination is associated with a reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes. Rotavirus vaccination may be the first practical measure that could play a role in the prevention of this disease.

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期刊介绍：Scientific Reports (https://www.nature.com/srep/) is an online, open access journal from the publishers of Nature. We publish scientifically valid primary research from all areas of the natural and clinical sciences.

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（来源：科学网）