近日，捷克斯特拉瓦大学的Stephan Schiffels教授及等人证明了古爱斯基摩人的遗传祖先和楚科特卡与北美地区的关系。 相关论文于2019年6月5日发表在《自然》杂志上。

论文中，该课题组人员展示了来自楚科特卡、东西伯利亚、阿留申群岛、阿拉斯加和加拿大北极地区的48个古代个体的基因组数据。该课题组将这些数据与现今阿拉斯加因纽皮雅特人和西西伯利亚的种群中获取的数据和以及现今已发表的基因组数据共同分析， 并结合基于稀有等位基因和单倍型共享的方法，以及目前已有的技术，最终得出结论：古爱斯基摩人祖先在说纳登语和爱斯基摩语——阿留申语的人群中普遍存在。研究人员还建立了一个完整的楚科特卡和北美地区全新世的人类活动模型，并表明整个北极地区的纳丁人、阿留申人、尤皮克人和因纽特人都来自同一个与古爱斯基摩人有关的西伯利亚起源。

据介绍，在5000年前，大部分美洲北极地区是由古爱斯基摩人定居的。在大约1000年前，现代的因纽特人和尤皮克人的祖先加入了他们，他们也在很大程度上被之取代。但是目前，古爱斯基摩人与美洲原住民、因纽特人、尤皮克人和阿留申人之间的遗传关系仍不十分明确。

附：英文原文

Title: Palaeo-Eskimo genetic ancestry and the peopling of Chukotka and North America

Author:Pavel Flegontov, N. Ezgi Alt?n???k, Piya Changmai, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Nicole Adamski, Deborah A. Bolnick, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Brendan J. Culleton, Olga Flegontova, T. Max Friesen, Choongwon Jeong, Thomas K. Harper, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Alexander M. Kim, Thiseas C. Lamnidis, Ann Marie Lawson, Iñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Ben A. Potter, Jennifer Raff, Robert A. Sattler, Pontus Skoglund, Kristin Stewardson, Edward J. Vajda, Sergey Vasilyev, Elizaveta Veselovskaya, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Dennis H. O’Rourke, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich & Stephan Schiffels

Issue&Volume:Volume 570 Issue 7760, 13 June 2019

Abstract: Much of the American Arctic was first settled 5,000 years ago, by groups of people known as Palaeo-Eskimos. They were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yup’ik1,2,3. The genetic relationship between Palaeo-Eskimos and Native American, Inuit, Yup’ik and Aleut populations remains uncertain4,5,6. Here we present genomic data for 48 ancient individuals from Chukotka, East Siberia, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic. We co-analyse these data with data from present-day Alaskan Iupiat and West Siberian populations and published genomes. Using methods based on rare-allele and haplotype sharing, as well as established techniques4,7,8,9, we show that Palaeo-Eskimo-related ancestry is ubiquitous among people who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo–Aleut languages. We develop a comprehensive model for the Holocene peopling events of Chukotka and North America, and show that Na-Dene-speaking peoples, people of the Aleutian Islands, and Yup’ik and Inuit across the Arctic region all share ancestry from a single Palaeo-Eskimo-related Siberian source.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1251-y

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1251-y