南京农业大学Zhengqiang Ma研究团队取得一项新突破。他们的最新研究探明了小麦中富含组氨酸钙结合蛋白基因的突变对镰刀菌头枯萎病具有抗性。 2019年7月出版的《自然—遗传学》发表了这项成果。

课题组分离了主要效应小麦数量性状位点Qfhs.njau-3B，其具有抗头枯萎病的能力，表明它与之前指定的Fhb1相同。Fhb1是由3BS染色体上富含组氨酸钙结合蛋白基因的3外显子罕见缺失引起的。Fhb1序列转化的小麦和拟南芥对禾本科镰刀菌的抗性增强。该基因在植物间的翻译产物具有良好的保守性，并且可能是对植物的生长发育所必需的。Fhb1不仅可以抑制粮食作物镰刀菌病的发生，而且可以改善其他易受镰刀菌侵害的其他植物。

据介绍，作物的头部或耳部枯萎病主要是由镰刀菌引起的，它可以破坏几乎所有的主要谷类作物(特别是小麦)，造成巨大的经济损失，并对人类和牲畜的健康造成威胁。然而，高抗性品种的选育工作仍未取得令人满意的成果。

附：英文原文

Title: Mutation of a histidine-rich calcium-binding-protein gene in wheat confers resistance to Fusarium head blight

Author: Guoqiang Li, Jiyang Zhou, Haiyan Jia, Zhongxia Gao, Min Fan, Yanjun Luo, Panting Zhao, Shulin Xue, Na Li, Yang Yuan, Shengwei Ma, Zhongxin Kong, Li Jia, Xia An, Ge Jiang, Wenxing Liu, Wenjin Cao, Rongrong Zhang, Jicai Fan, Xiaowu Xu, Yanfang Liu, Qianqian Kong, Shouhang Zheng, Yao Wang, Bin Qin, Shouyang Cao, Yunxiao Ding, Jinxing Shi, Haisheng Yan, Xin Wang, Congfu Ran, Zhengqiang Ma

Issue&Volume: Volume 51 Issue 7, July 2019

Abstract: Head or ear blight, mainly caused by Fusarium species, can devastate almost all staple cereal crops (particularly wheat), resulting in great economic loss and imposing health threats on both human beings and livestock. However, achievement in breeding for highly resistant cultivars is still not satisfactory. Here, we isolated the major-effect wheat quantitative trait locus, Qfhs.njau-3B, which confers head blight resistance, and showed that it is the same as the previously designated Fhb1. Fhb1 results from a rare deletion involving the 3 exon of the histidine-rich calcium-binding-protein gene on chromosome 3BS. Both wheat and Arabidopsis transformed with the Fhb1 sequence showed enhanced resistance to Fusarium graminearum spread. The translation products of this genes homologs among plants are well conserved and might be essential for plant growth and development. Fhb1 could be useful not only for curbing Fusarium head blight in grain crops but also for improving other plants vulnerable to Fusarium species.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0426-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0426-7