美国斯坦福大学医学院Mark M. Davis课题组发现了实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）中T细胞反应的对抗机制，相关论文发表在2019年8月22日出版的《自然》上。

EAE诱导血液与CNS产生同步性的CD4⁺、CD8⁺、γδ⁺T细胞响应应对同一免疫反应。类似于乳糜泻疾病的病人暴露在谷蛋白会同时动员血液中CD4⁺、CD8⁺和γδ⁺T细胞。该研究发现EAE中占主导地位的CD4⁺T细胞是MOG_35-55特异的，而这些激活的CD4⁺T可触发一类调节性CD8⁺T细胞的发生，反过来抑制MOG特异的CD4⁺T细胞增殖从而抑制病程发生。总之，EAE过程中主要扩增的CD4⁺T细胞特异于MOG_35-55，同时，这种自身反应CD4⁺T细胞的激活能够触发抑制性的调节性CD8⁺T细胞反过来抑制CD4⁺T细胞的增殖。这些结果表明，诱导自身反应CD4⁺T细胞可引发调节性CD8⁺T细胞的相反动员。

研究人员介绍，实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎为多发性硬化症的一种模型。

附：英文原文

Title: Opposing T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Author: Naresha Saligrama, Fan Zhao, Michael J. Sikora, William S. Serratelli, Ricardo A. Fernandes, David M. Louis, Winnie Yao, Xuhuai Ji, Juliana Idoyaga, Vinit B. Mahajan, Lars M. Steinmetz, Yueh-Hsiu Chien, Stephen L. Hauser, Jorge R. Oksenberg, K. Christopher Garcia, Mark M. Davis

Issue&Volume: Volume 572 Issue 7770

Abstract: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a model for multiple sclerosis. Here we show that induction generates successive waves of clonally expanded CD4+, CD8+ and + T cells in the blood and central nervous system, similar to gluten-challenge studies of patients with coeliac disease. We also find major expansions of CD8+ T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. In autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we find that most expanded CD4+ T cells are specific for the inducing myelin peptide MOG3555. By contrast, surrogate peptides derived from a yeast peptide major histocompatibility complex library of some of the clonally expanded CD8+ T cells inhibit disease by suppressing the proliferation of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that the induction of autoreactive CD4+ T cells triggers an opposing mobilization of regulatory CD8+ T cells.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1467-x

Source:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1467-x