近日，由英国海洋生物协会David W. Sims领衔的国际科学家团队，进行了在渔业影响下鲨鱼在全球范围内的风险评估。 相关研究发表在8月22日出版的《自然》上。

研究人员利用一种结合深海鲨鱼和全球捕鱼船队的卫星跟踪定位的大数据库，分析显示24%的鲨鱼月平均使用空间都在远洋延绳钓渔业的范围内。具有商业价值的鲨鱼和受国际保护的鲨鱼物种存在的海域与延绳钓渔海域的重叠程度最高（分别高达76％和64％），并且还与捕捞范围的显着增加有关。因此，深海鲨鱼在国家管辖范围（公海）以外海域拥有非常有限的避难空间。他们的研究结果表明，人类迫切需要在鲨鱼经常存在的公海地区采取保护和管理措施；同时也显示，对大型动物和渔民进行监控的卫星监控系统，在作为近实时、动态管理的工具方面具有潜能。

研究人员表示，有效的海洋管理和洄游物种的保护取决于解决动物运动和分布及与捕捞范围之间的重叠。然而，这些信息在全球尺度上来说是缺乏的。

附：英文原文

Title: Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author: Nuno Queiroz, Nicolas E. Humphries, Ana Couto, Marisa Vedor, Ivo da Costa, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Gonzalo Mucientes, Antnio M. Santos, Francisco J. Abascal, Debra L. Abercrombie, Katya Abrantes, David Acua-Marrero, Andr S. Afonso, Pedro Afonso, Darrell Anders, Gonzalo Araujo, Randall Arauz, Pascal Bach, Adam Barnett, Diego Bernal, Michael L. Berumen, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Antonin V. Blaison, Barbara A. Block, Mark E. Bond, Ramn Bonfil, Russell W. Bradford, Camrin D. Braun, Edward J. Brooks, Annabelle Brooks, Judith Brown, Barry D. Bruce, Michael E. Byrne, Steven E. Campana, Aaron B. Carlisle, Demian D. Chapman, Taylor K. Chapple, John Chisholm, Christopher R. Clarke, Eric G. Clua, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Estelle C. Crochelet, Laurent Dagorn, Ryan Daly, Daniel Devia Corts, Thomas K. Doyle, Michael Drew, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Thor Erikson, Eduardo Espinoza, Luciana C. Ferreira, Francesco Ferretti, John D. Filmalter, G. Chris Fischer, Richard Fitzpatrick, Jorge Fontes, Fabien Forget, Mark Fowler, Malcolm P. Francis, Austin J. Gallagher, Enrico Gennari, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Matthew J. Gollock, David W. Sims, et al

Issue&Volume: Volume 572 Issue 7770

Abstract: Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1444-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1444-4