近日，加州大学圣地亚哥分校Alysson R. Muotri及其研究团队开发出模拟早期人脑网络发育的大脑皮层类器官体，并且能够产生复杂的神经震荡波。相关论文2019年8月29日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞—干细胞》杂志上。

研究人员开发了人类大脑皮层类器官体，其在成熟过程中动态改变细胞类群，并在几个月的时间内表现出电活动的持续增加。自发网络形成显示出依赖于谷氨酸能和GABA能信号传导的周期性和规律性波动事件。波动活动会转变为FC碰碰胡老虎机法典-提高赢钱机率的下注技巧的时空不规则模式，以及出现同步化网络事件，这类似于早产人脑电图中观察到的特征。这些结果表明，人类新皮质模型中结构化网络活动的发育可能遵循稳定的遗传规划。这个方法为研究和操纵网络活动在发育中的人类皮层中的作用提供了可能。

据悉，大脑早期成熟过程中的结构和转录变化遵循遗传学定义的固定发育图谱。然而，这是否适用于功能性网络活动仍然未知，主要是由于针对活人大脑的初始阶段的实验难以实现。

附：英文原文

Title: Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development

Author: Cleber A. Trujillo, Richard Gao, Priscilla D. Negraes, Jing Gu, Justin Buchanan, Sebastian Preissl, Allen Wang, Wei Wu, Gabriel G. Haddad, Isaac A. Chaim, Alain Domissy, Matthieu Vandenberghe, Anna Devor, Gene W. Yeo, Bradley Voytek, Alysson R. Muotri

Issue&Volume: 29 August 2019

Abstract: Structural and transcriptional changes during early brain maturation follow fixed developmental programs defined by genetics. However, whether this is true for functional network activity remains unknown, primarily due to experimental inaccessibility of the initial stages of the living human brain. Here, we developed human cortical organoids that dynamically change cellular populations during maturation and exhibited consistent increases in electrical activity over the span of several months. The spontaneous network formation displayed periodic and regular oscillatory events that were dependent on glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. The oscillatory activity transitioned to more spatiotemporally irregular patterns, and synchronous network events resembled features similar to those observed in preterm human electroencephalography. These results show that the development of structured network activity in a human neocortex model may follow stable genetic programming. Our approach provides opportunities for investigating and manipulating the role of network activity in the developing human cortex.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.002

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(19)30337-6#