来自印度Birbal Sahni古科学研究所、德干研究生院和美国哈佛医学院的研究人员，报道了来自印度河流域文明（IVC）的古老基因组。这项研究2019年9月5日在线发表在《细胞》上。
研究发现，印度河流域的古老基因组与古代伊朗人（最大的组成部分）和东南亚狩猎采集者的基因组都有相似，这一独特的概况与印度河流域文明进行文化交流的伊朗和土库曼斯坦遗址的11个遗传异常的古代DNA相匹配。
这些人几乎没有任何草原牧民的血统，表明与现在一致，这些人在IVC时期在南亚西北部无处不在。在IVC时期，与伊朗有关的血统来自于在他们祖先分离之前的早期伊朗农民、牧民和狩猎采集者，这与早期伊朗人和南亚人之间拥有共同祖先的假设相矛盾，这个假设反映了西部的伊朗人大规模向东扩散。相反，来自伊朗高原和IVC的古代基因组抽样显示它们来自不同的狩猎采集者群体，这些狩猎采集者在大规模人民运动之前就开始耕种。
附：英文原文
Title: An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers
Author: Vasant Shinde, Vagheesh M. Narasimhan, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Matthew Mah, Mark Lipson, Nathan Nakatsuka, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Matthew Ferry, Ann Marie Lawson, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Nilesh Jadhav, Yong Jun Kim, Malavika Chatterjee, Avradeep Munshi, Amrithavalli Panyam, Pranjali Waghmare, Yogesh Yadav, Himani Patel, Amit Kaushik, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Matthias Meyer, Nick Patterson, Niraj Rai, David Reich
Issue&Volume: 5 September 2019
Abstract: We report an ancient genome from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC). The individual we sequenced fits as a mixture of people related to ancient Iranians (the largest component) and Southeast Asian hunter-gatherers, a unique profile that matches ancient DNA from 11 genetic outliers from sites in Iran and Turkmenistan in cultural communication with the IVC. These individuals had little if any Steppe pastoralist-derived ancestry, showing that it was not ubiquitous in northwest South Asia during the IVC as it is today. The Iranian-related ancestry in the IVC derives from a lineage leading to early Iranian farmers, herders, and hunter-gatherers before their ancestors separated, contradicting the hypothesis that the shared ancestry between early Iranians and South Asians reflects a large-scale spread of western Iranian farmers east. Instead, sampled ancient genomes from the Iranian plateau and IVC descend from different groups of hunter-gatherers who began farming without being connected by substantial movement of people.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.048
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30967-5