瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院Jonas Frisén课题组取得一项新突破。他们发现驻留神经干细胞中潜在的谱系潜能可实现脊髓修复。相关论文发表在2020年10月2日出版的《科学》杂志上。

研究人员发现了神经干细胞替换受损小鼠脊髓中大量丢失少突胶质细胞的潜能。整合多模式单细胞分析，研究人员发现神经干细胞处于染色质可及的状态，能够使损伤后的少突胶质细胞进行正常的基因表达基序。

转录因子OLIG2的异位表达揭示了丰富干细胞来源的少突胶质细胞，其伴随少突胶质细胞分化的自然进程，促进轴突髓鞘的再生，并刺激轴突传导功能的恢复。因此，常驻干细胞的招募可以作为中枢神经系统损伤后细胞移植的替代方法。

据介绍，机体对中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤的修复能力不足。驻留神经干细胞对细胞置换的贡献有限。

附：英文原文

Title: A latent lineage potential in resident neural stem cells enables spinal cord repair

Author: Enric Llorens-Bobadilla, James M. Chell, Pierre Le Merre, Yicheng Wu, Margherita Zamboni, Joseph Bergenstrhle, Moa Stenudd, Elena Sopova, Joakim Lundeberg, Oleg Shupliakov, Marie Carlén, Jonas Frisén

Issue&Volume: 2020/10/02

Abstract: Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) are inefficiently repaired. Resident neural stem cells manifest a limited contribution to cell replacement. We have uncovered a latent potential in neural stem cells to replace large numbers of lost oligodendrocytes in the injured mouse spinal cord. Integrating multimodal single-cell analysis, we found that neural stem cells are in a permissive chromatin state that enables the unfolding of a normally latent gene expression program for oligodendrogenesis after injury. Ectopic expression of the transcription factor OLIG2 unveiled abundant stem cell–derived oligodendrogenesis, which followed the natural progression of oligodendrocyte differentiation, contributed to axon remyelination, and stimulated functional recovery of axon conduction. Recruitment of resident stem cells may thus serve as an alternative to cell transplantation after CNS injury.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abb8795

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6512/eabb8795