德国柏林洪堡大学Matthew E. Larkum、Guy Doron等研究人员合作发现，新皮质第1层的输入信号控制学习。相关论文发表在2020年12月18日出版的《科学》杂志上。

研究人员发现，主要是感觉皮质第1层（L1）的周围神经输入在啮齿动物中控制海马依赖性学习。此过程的特点是在第5层（L5）锥体神经元的定义亚群中出现了独特的放电反应，其簇状树突接受L1的周围神经输入。

学习与爆发放电和树突兴奋性的增强相关，并且被树突活性的破坏所抑制。此外，爆发（但不是常规的峰值训练）足以恢复学习的行为。研究人员认为，到达新皮层L1的L5簇状树突海马信息介导了新皮质的记忆形成。

据介绍，海马输出影响新皮质中的记忆形成，但由于精确的解剖位置和潜在的细胞机制仍然难以捉摸，因此对该过程的了解很少。 

附：英文原文

Title: Perirhinal input to neocortical layer 1 controls learning

Author: Guy Doron, Jiyun N. Shin, Naoya Takahashi, Moritz Drüke, Christina Bocklisch, Salina Skenderi, Lisa de Mont, Maria Toumazou, Julia Ledderose, Michael Brecht, Richard Naud, Matthew E. Larkum

Issue&Volume: 2020/12/18

Abstract: Hippocampal output influences memory formation in the neocortex, but this process is poorly understood because the precise anatomical location and the underlying cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that perirhinal input, predominantly to sensory cortical layer 1 (L1), controls hippocampal-dependent associative learning in rodents. This process was marked by the emergence of distinct firing responses in defined subpopulations of layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons whose tuft dendrites receive perirhinal inputs in L1. Learning correlated with burst firing and the enhancement of dendritic excitability, and it was suppressed by disruption of dendritic activity. Furthermore, bursts, but not regular spike trains, were sufficient to retrieve learned behavior. We conclude that hippocampal information arriving at L5 tuft dendrites in neocortical L1 mediates memory formation in the neocortex.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz3136

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6523/eaaz3136