中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所付向东和英国牛津大学Nicholas P. Harberd团队合作通过氮反应染色质调节提高水稻的可持续绿色革命产量。相关论文发表在2020年2月7日出版的《科学》上。
他们发现，全基因组组蛋白H3赖氨酸27三甲基化（H3K27me3）的促进氮诱导的水稻分蘖刺激：APETALA2结构域转录因子NGR5（氮介导的分蘖生长反应5）促进了氮依赖性的聚梳抑制复合物2的募集，从而通过H3K27me3修饰抑制分支抑制基因。NGR5是赤霉素受体赤霉素敏感型侏儒1（GID1）促进的蛋白酶体破坏靶标。DELLA蛋白（以保守的天冬氨酸-谷氨酸-亮氨酸-亮氨酸-丙氨酸基序的存在为特征）竞争性抑制GID1-NGR5相互作用并解释了绿色革命品种的分蘖增加。因此，增加的NGR5活性使分蘖与氮素调节脱钩，从而在低氮肥水平下提高了水稻产量。因此，NGR5可以提高氮的利用效率，从而改善未来的农业可持续性和粮食安全。
据悉，由于破坏环境的无机肥料的使用是当前全球谷物产量的主流，因此未来的农业可持续性要求提高氮的利用率。
附：英文原文
Title: Enhanced sustainable green revolution yield via nitrogen-responsive chromatin modulation in rice
Author: Kun Wu, Shuansuo Wang, Wenzhen Song, Jianqing Zhang, Yun Wang, Qian Liu, Jianping Yu, Yafeng Ye, Shan Li, Jianfeng Chen, Ying Zhao, Jing Wang, Xiaokang Wu, Meiyue Wang, Yijing Zhang, Binmei Liu, Yuejin Wu, Nicholas P. Harberd, Xiangdong Fu
Issue&Volume: 2020/02/07
Abstract: Because environmentally degrading inorganic fertilizer use underlies current worldwide cereal yields, future agricultural sustainability demands enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. We found that genome-wide promotion of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) enables nitrogen-induced stimulation of rice tillering: APETALA2-domain transcription factor NGR5 (NITROGEN-MEDIATED TILLER GROWTH RESPONSE 5) facilitates nitrogen-dependent recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 to repress branching-inhibitory genes via H3K27me3 modification. NGR5 is a target of gibberellin receptor GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1)–promoted proteasomal destruction. DELLA proteins (characterized by the presence of a conserved aspartate-glutamate-leucine-leucine-alanine motif) competitively inhibit the GID1-NGR5 interaction and explain increased tillering of green revolution varieties. Increased NGR5 activity consequently uncouples tillering from nitrogen regulation, boosting rice yield at low nitrogen fertilization levels. NGR5 thus enables enhanced nitrogen use efficiency for improved future agricultural sustainability and food security.
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz2046
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6478/eaaz2046