澳大利亚新南威尔士大学Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez、Miriam Matamales等研究人员合作发现，局部D2到D1神经元转换调节更新纹状体中的目标学习。2020年1月31日，国际知名学术期刊《科学》发表了这一成果。

Title: Local D2- to D1-neuron transmodulation updates goal-directed learning in the striatum

Author: Miriam Matamales, Alice E. McGovern, Jia Dai Mi, Stuart B. Mazzone, Bernard W. Balleine, Jesus Bertran-Gonzalez

Issue&Volume: 2020/01/31

Abstract: Extinction learning allows animals to withhold voluntary actions that are no longer related to reward and so provides a major source of behavioral control. Although such learning is thought to depend on dopamine signals in the striatum, the way the circuits that mediate goal-directed control are reorganized during new learning remains unknown. Here, by mapping a dopamine-dependent transcriptional activation marker in large ensembles of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) expressing dopamine receptor type 1 (D1-SPNs) or 2 (D2-SPNs) in mice, we demonstrate an extensive and dynamic D2- to D1-SPN transmodulation across the striatum that is necessary for updating previous goal-directed learning. Our findings suggest that D2-SPNs suppress the influence of outdated D1-SPN plasticity within functionally relevant striatal territories to reshape volitional action.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5751

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6477/549