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工作生活不平衡或有害健康 | BMC Public Health |
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论文标题:Work-life balance and self-reported health among working adults in Europe: a gender and welfare state regime comparative analysis
期刊:BMC Public Health
作者:Aziz Mensah,Nicholas Kofi Adjei et.al
发表时间:2020/07/16
数字识别码:10.1186/s12889-020-09139-w
微信链接:点击此处阅读微信文章
最近发表在开放获取期刊BMC Public Health 上的一项以欧洲上班族为对象的研究显示,工作生活不平衡的人更有可能自诉健康状况不佳。
图1
一天中可用的时间是有限的,上班族们要面临的挑战却多种多样,这其中包括各种“死线”(任务的最后期限)、经济义务和难以推却的家庭责任。这些问题可能会造成工作与生活的冲突,给人们的工作、生活和社交带来负面影响。而这种无法平衡工作和生活的感觉,亦可能会给健康带来不良影响。
为了找出欧洲上班族工作生活平衡与自诉健康状况之间的关联,来自德国比勒菲尔德大学和莱布尼兹预防与流行病研究所(BIPS)的研究团队分析了2015年进行的第6次“欧洲工作状况调查”中的数据。被调查者被要求报告自己的整体健康状况、工作时间与工作外家庭和社会义务的相适应程度,以及对自己工作的大体描述。收到的回应来自欧洲30个国家的32275名上班族。
作者发现,工作生活不平衡人,自诉健康状况不佳的可能性高两倍。这种关联性在女性中比在男性中更强一点,尽管男性总体上报告工作生活不平衡的可能性更大。男性报告每周工作时间较长的比例比女性更高,但男性更有可能是自己决定其工作时间,而女性通常由公司来安排其工作。
该研究的第一作者、比勒菲尔德大学的博士研究生Aziz Mensah说:“传统和社会对男女行为的期望,是女性负责照料和家庭活动,男性负责赚钱,这种期望或能解释工作生活不平衡的性别差异以及我们观察到的不良健康后果。”
作者还比较了欧洲各地区的工作生活冲突以及不良健康状况。北欧国家(包括瑞典、丹麦、芬兰和挪威)的上班族自诉工作生活平衡的比例最高(男性85.6%,女性86.9%),而南欧(包括希腊、西班牙、意大利、葡萄牙、塞浦路斯和马耳他)上班族自诉工作生活平衡的比例最低(男性80.99%,女性76.48%)。
研究的共同作者、来自莱布尼兹预防研究和流行病学研究所的Nicholas Kofi Adjei博士说:“长时间工作、工作中心理投入的增加、工作时间不灵活和角色超负荷都可能让员工经受工作生活间的冲突。多个国家中都存在社会经济政策不统一的现象,如育儿假、对照顾儿童和老人的支持以及一般的福利和平等政策,都可能会影响工作与家庭生活间的平衡。”
作者认为,研究结果表明各组织和政策制定者需提供工作条件和社会政策,让成年人能够应付工作和家庭活动中互有竞争性的需求而不让自己的健康承受负面影响。
作者提醒,由于工作生活是否平衡是通过询问被调查者“工作时间与家庭或社会义务是否相适应”的单一问题评估的,因此可能无法涵盖所有导致工作家庭不平衡的因素,但这一答案可以作为一个重要指标。由于调查采用的是自我报告的数据,每个人对健康状况的衡量指标可能也会因国家而有所不同。
《BMC公共卫生》(BMC Public Health)是一本同行评审的开放获取期刊,主要发表关于流行病学和对公共卫生各个方面理解的文章。期刊特别关注的话题包括会影响健康的社会因素,与健康和疾病相关的环境、行为和职业因素,以及政策、医疗实践和社区干预的影响力。
Citation Impact
2.521 - 2-year IF
3.182 - 5-year IF
1.473 - SNIP
1.198 - SJR
摘要:
Background
The pressing demands of work over the years have had a significant constraint on the family and social life of working adults. Moreover, failure to achieve a ‘balance’ between these domains of life may have an adverse effect on their health. This study investigated the relationship between work-life conflict and self-reported health among working adults in contemporary welfare countries in Europe.
Methods
Data from the 6th European Working Conditions Survey 2015 on 32,275 working adults from 30 countries in Europe were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between work-life balance and self-reported health among men and women. We further used a 2 stage multi-level logistic regression to assess variations in self-reported health among welfare state regimes by gender.
Results
The results showed a strong association between work-life conflict and poor self-reported health among working adults in Europe (aOR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.93–2.23). However, the magnitude of the effect differed slightly by gender (men: aOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.78–2.18 vs women: aOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 2.01–2.47). Furthermore, we found variations in the relationship between work-life conflict and poor self-reported health between welfare states regimes. The association was found to be weaker in the Nordic and Southern welfare states than the Liberal, Conservative, and Central Eastern European welfare states. Although the associations were more consistent among men than women in the Conservative welfare states regime, we found higher associations for women than men in the Southern, Nordic, Liberal, and Central Eastern European welfare states.
Conclusions
This study provides evidence of some variations in the association between work-life conflict and poor self-reported health among men and women across welfare states regimes in Europe. The results demonstrate the need for governments, organizations and policymakers to provide conducive working conditions and social policies for working adults to deal with competing demands from work and family activities.
(来源:科学网)
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