论文标题：Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test

期刊：Nature Communications

作者： Xingdong Chen, Jeffrey Gole et al.

发表时间：2020/07/21

DOI：10.1038/s41467-020-17316-z

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《自然-通讯》发表的一项研究Non-invasive early detection of cancer four years before conventional diagnosis using a blood test报告称，一种非侵入性的血检作为一种潜在的工具，或能在常规诊断前4年对5种常见的癌症做出早期检测。

如果能在早期发现癌症，癌症患者的生存率就会大大提高，因为可以通过手术切除肿瘤或使用适当的药物进行治疗。但是，目前只有少数几种癌症有数量有限的筛查检测。

美国加州大学圣迭戈分校的Kun Zhang及其同事描述了一种基于血液的癌症筛查测试，名为PanSeer，它可以检查血液中的癌症特异性甲基化标记。作者对从605名无症状个体体内获得的血浆样本进行了分析，其中191人后来被诊断为癌症。他们还对另外223名癌症确诊患者的血浆样本以及200份原发性肿瘤和正常组织样本进行了分析。作者证明，在诊断后患者以及常规诊断前四年的无症状个体中，他们的检测方法有可能以高特异性检测出5种常见癌症（胃癌、食道癌、结直肠癌、肺癌和肝癌）。

taizhou纵向研究的总结 | credit: Zhang et al.

作者强调，PanSeer检测不太可能预测以后会发展成癌症的患者。相反，它最有可能识别已经有癌变，但是在目前的检测方法下表现为无症状的患者。他们总结表示，需要进一步开展大规模的纵向研究，以确认该检测方法在诊断前个体中实现癌症早期检测的潜力。

摘要：

Early detection has the potential to reduce cancer mortality, but an effective screening test must demonstrate asymptomatic cancer detection years before conventional diagnosis in a longitudinal study. In the Taizhou Longitudinal Study (TZL), 123,115 healthy subjects provided plasma samples for long-term storage and were then monitored for cancer occurrence. Here we report the preliminary results of PanSeer, a noninvasive blood test based on circulating tumor DNA methylation, on TZL plasma samples from 605 asymptomatic individuals, 191 of whom were later diagnosed with stomach, esophageal, colorectal, lung or liver cancer within four years of blood draw. We also assay plasma samples from an additional 223 cancer patients, plus 200 primary tumor and normal tissues. We show that PanSeer detects five common types of cancer in 88% (95% CI: 80–93%) of post-diagnosis patients with a specificity of 96% (95% CI: 93–98%), We also demonstrate that PanSeer detects cancer in 95% (95% CI: 89–98%) of asymptomatic individuals who were later diagnosed, though future longitudinal studies are required to confirm this result. These results demonstrate that cancer can be non-invasively detected up to four years before current standard of care.

（来源：科学网）