尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人Y染色体进化史
作者:小柯机器人 发布时间:2020/9/26 13:56:10
德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所Janet Kelso和Martin Petr取得最新进展。他们发现尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人 Y染色体的进化历史。该成果发表在2020年9月25日出版的《科学》杂志上。
人们缺乏对丹尼索瓦人和尼安德特人的Y染色体的全面研究,因为大多数已测序到足够覆盖的标本是女性。从两个丹尼索瓦人和三个尼安德特人的Y染色体测序表明,丹尼索瓦人的Y染色体大约在70万年前从尼安德特人和现代人类Y染色体共有的谱系中分离,后者在大约37万年前彼此分开。
古代和现代人类Y染色体的系统发生关系不同于从常染色体基因组和镜像线粒体DNA系统发生推断的种群关系,这表明在尼安德特人晚期,线粒体和Y染色体基因库都将被替换。如果尼安德特人的低有效种群数量导致尼安德特人相对于现代人类的遗传负荷增加,这种替代是合理的。
据悉,古DNA为人类历史的许多方面提供了新的见解。
附:英文原文
Title:The evolutionary history of Neanderthal and Denisovan Y chromosomes
Author:Martin Petr1,*, View ORCID ProfileMateja Hajdinjak1,2, View ORCID ProfileQiaomei Fu3,4,5, Elena Essel1, View ORCID ProfileHélène Rougier
Issue&Volume:25 Sep 2020
Abstract: Ancient DNA has provided new insights into many aspects of human history. However, we lack comprehensive studies of the Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neanderthals because the majority of specimens that have been sequenced to sufficient coverage are female. Sequencing Y chromosomes from two Denisovans and three Neanderthals shows that the Y chromosomes of Denisovans split around 700 thousand years ago from a lineage shared by Neanderthals and modern human Y chromosomes, which diverged from each other around 370 thousand years ago. The phylogenetic relationships of archaic and modern human Y chromosomes differ from the population relationships inferred from the autosomal genomes and mirror mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, indicating replacement of both the mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools in late Neanderthals. This replacement is plausible if the low effective population size of Neanderthals resulted in an increased genetic load in Neanderthals relative to modern humans.
DOI:DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6460
Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6511/1653
期刊信息
Science:《科学》,创刊于1880年。隶属于美国科学促进会,最新IF:41.037