研究人员从137个欧亚人和美洲原住民那里获得了乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的基因组数据，时间在400~10,500年之前。研究人员将所有HBV品系的最新共同祖先确定为12,000~20,000年前，在全新世早期，该病毒存在于欧洲和南美的狩猎采集者中。在欧洲新石器时代过渡之后，中石器时代的HBV谱系被可能由早期农民传播的谱系所取代，该谱系在整个欧亚大陆西部盛行了约4000年，在公元前2千年末左右衰落。这种史前HBV多样性的唯一遗留物是罕见的基因型G，它似乎在HIV大流行期间重新出现。
据了解，HBV感染人类已经有几千年的历史，仍然是一个全球性的健康问题，但它过去的多样性和传播路线在很大程度上是未知的。
附：英文原文
Title: Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution
Author: Arthur Kocher, Luka Papac, Rodrigo Barquera, Felix M. Key, Maria A. Spyrou, Ron Hübler, Adam B. Rohrlach, Franziska Aron, Raphaela Stahl, Antje Wissgott, Florian van Bmmel, Maria Pfefferkorn, Alissa Mittnik, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Gunnar U. Neumann, Maté Rivollat, Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht, Kerttu Majander, Rezeda I. Tukhbatova, Lyazzat Musralina, Ayshin Ghalichi, Sandra Penske, Susanna Sabin, Megan Michel, Joscha Gretzinger, Elizabeth A. Nelson, Tiago Ferraz, Kathrin Ngele, Cody Parker, Marcel Keller, Evelyn K. Guevara, Michal Feldman, Stefanie Eisenmann, Eirini Skourtanioti, Karen Giffin, Guido Alberto Gnecchi-Ruscone, Susanne Friederich, Vittoria Schimmenti, Valery Khartanovich, Marina K. Karapetian, Mikhail S. Chaplygin, Vladimir V. Kufterin, Aleksandr A. Khokhlov, Andrey A. Chizhevsky, Dmitry A. Stashenkov, Anna F. Kochkina, Cristina Tejedor-Rodríguez, íigo García-Martínez de Lagrán, Héctor Arcusa-Magallón, Rafael Garrido-Pena, José Ignacio Royo-Guillén, Jan Nováek, Stéphane Rottier, Sacha Kacki, Sylvie Saintot, Elena Kaverzneva, Andrej B. Belinskiy, Petr Velemínsky, Petr Limbursky, Michal Kostka, Louise Loe, Elizabeth Popescu, Rachel Clarke, Alice Lyons, Richard Mortimer, Antti Sajantila, Yadira Chinique de Armas, Silvia Teresita Hernandez Godoy, Diana I. Hernández-Zaragoza, Jessica Pearson, Didier Binder, Philippe Lefranc, Anatoly R. Kantorovich, Vladimir E. Maslov, Luca Lai, Magdalena Zoledziewska, Jessica F. Beckett, Michaela Langová, Alběta Danielisová, Tara Ingman, Gabriel García Atiénzar, Maria Paz de Miguel Ibáez, Alejandro Romero, Alessandra Sperduti, Sophie Beckett, Susannah J. Salter, Emma D. Zilivinskaya, Dmitry V. Vasil’ev, Kristin von Heyking, Richard L. Burger, Lucy C. Salazar, Luc Amkreutz, Masnav Navruzbekov, Eva Rosenstock, Carmen Alonso-Fernández, Vladimir Slavchev, Alexey A. Kalmykov, Biaslan Ch. Atabiev, Elena Batieva, Micaela Alvarez Calmet, Bastien Llamas, Michael Schultz, Raiko Krau, Javier Jiménez-Echevarría, Michael Francken, Svetlana Shnaider, Peter de Knijff, Eveline Altena, Katrien Van de Vijver, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, Tiffiny A. Tung, Sandra Lsch, Maria Dobrovolskaya, Nikolaj Makarov, Chris Read, Melanie Van Twest, Claudia Sagona, Peter C. Ramsl, Murat Akar, K. Aslihan Yener, Eduardo Carmona Ballestero, Francesco Cucca, Vittorio Mazzarello, Pilar Utrilla, Kurt Rademaker, Eva Fernández-Domínguez, Douglas Baird, Patrick Semal, Lourdes Márquez-Morfín, Mirjana Roksandic, Hubert Steiner, Domingo Carlos Salazar-García, Natalia Shishlina, Yilmaz Selim Erdal, Fredrik Hallgren, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Mario Küner, Duncan Sayer, Pivi Onkamo, Robin Skeates, Manuel Rojo-Guerra, Alexandra Buzhilova, Elmira Khussainova, Leyla B. Djansugurova, Arman Z. Beisenov, Zainolla Samashev, Ken Massy, Marcello Mannino, Vyacheslav Moiseyev
Issue&Volume: 2021-10-08
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.
DOI: abi5658
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abi5658