据研究人员介绍，感染1至4型登革热病毒（DENV1-4）中的一种，可诱导出针对同型感染的保护性抗体。然而，登革热病毒的一个显著特点是能够利用预先存在的异型抗体来感染含有Fcγ受体的免疫细胞，从而导致更高的病毒负荷和免疫病理事件，最终增强疾病。
通过使用1994年至2014年期间来自泰国曼谷的1944个测序分离物（348株），与区域和全球DENV抗原多样性（64株）进行比较，研究人员追踪了每个DENV血清型的抗原动态。在20年的时间里，泰国DENV血清型逐渐脱离了彼此的进化。然而，在短暂的时期内，血清型的相似性增加，流行程度也有相应的变化。一个基因型内的抗原性进化涉及两种抗原性变化（血清型内和血清型间）的权衡，而基因型的替换导致抗原变化远离所有血清型。这些发现为理论上的抗原进化动态提供了见解。
附：英文原文
Title: Antigenic evolution of dengue viruses over 20 years
Author: Leah C. Katzelnick, Ana Coello Escoto, Angkana T. Huang, Bernardo Garcia-Carreras, Nayeem Chowdhury, Irina Maljkovic Berry, Chris Chavez, Philippe Buchy, Veasna Duong, Philippe Dussart, Gregory Gromowski, Louis Macareo, Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk, Stefan Fernandez, Derek J. Smith, Richard Jarman, Stephen S. Whitehead, Henrik Salje, Derek A. T. Cummings
Issue&Volume: 2021-11-19
Abstract: Infection with one of dengue viruses 1 to 4 (DENV1-4) induces protective antibodies against homotypic infection. However, a notable feature of dengue viruses is the ability to use preexisting heterotypic antibodies to infect Fcγ receptor–bearing immune cells, leading to higher viral load and immunopathological events that augment disease. We tracked the antigenic dynamics of each DENV serotype by using 1944 sequenced isolates from Bangkok, Thailand, between 1994 and 2014 (348 strains), in comparison with regional and global DENV antigenic diversity (64 strains). Over the course of 20 years, the Thailand DENV serotypes gradually evolved away from one another. However, for brief periods, the serotypes increased in similarity, with corresponding changes in epidemic magnitude. Antigenic evolution within a genotype involved a trade-off between two types of antigenic change (within-serotype and between-serotype), whereas genotype replacement resulted in antigenic change away from all serotypes. These findings provide insights into theorized dynamics in antigenic evolution.
DOI: abk0058
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0058