研究人员发现，富含脯氨酸的小蛋白2A（SPRR2A）是一种肠道抗菌蛋白，在系统发育上与先前发现的哺乳动物抗菌蛋白（AMP）没有关系。结果表明，SPRR2A在潘氏细胞和杯状细胞中表达，并通过破坏其膜选择性地杀死革兰氏阳性细菌。SPRR2A塑造了肠道微生物群的组成，限制了细菌与肠道表面的结合，并保护其免受单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌感染。SPRR2A与其他肠道AMP不同，它是由蠕虫感染期间产生的2型细胞因子诱导的。
此外，SPRR2A能防止蠕虫诱导的细菌入侵肠道组织。因此，SPRR2A是一种由2型免疫引发的独特的AMP，在蠕虫感染期间保护肠道屏障。
据介绍，一组不同的AMP帮助保护哺乳动物的肠道免受各种微生物的挑战。
附：英文原文
Title: Small proline-rich protein 2A is a gut bactericidal protein deployed during helminth infection
Author: Zehan Hu, Chenlu Zhang, Luis Sifuentes-Dominguez, Christina M. Zarek, Daniel C. Propheter, Zheng Kuang, Yuhao Wang, Mihir Pendse, Kelly A. Ruhn, Brian Hassell, Cassie L. Behrendt, Bo Zhang, Prithvi Raj, Tamia A. Harris-Tryon, Tiffany A. Reese, Lora V. Hooper
Issue&Volume: 2021-11-05
Abstract: A diverse group of antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) helps protect the mammalian intestine from varied microbial challenges. We show that small proline-rich protein 2A (SPRR2A) is an intestinal antibacterial protein that is phylogenetically unrelated to previously discovered mammalian AMPs. In this study, SPRR2A was expressed in Paneth cells and goblet cells and selectively killed Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their membranes. SPRR2A shaped intestinal microbiota composition, restricted bacterial association with the intestinal surface, and protected against Listeria monocytogenes infection. SPRR2A differed from other intestinal AMPs in that it was induced by type 2 cytokines produced during helminth infection. Moreover, SPRR2A protected against helminth-induced bacterial invasion of intestinal tissue. Thus, SPRR2A is a distinctive AMP triggered by type 2 immunity that protects the intestinal barrier during helminth infection.
DOI: abe6723
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe6723