研究人员评估了黑色素瘤患者的粪便微生物群概况、饮食习惯和市售益生菌补充剂的使用，并进行了平行的临床前研究。在128名接受免疫检查点阻断（ICB）治疗的患者中，较高的膳食纤维与无进展生存期的明显改善有关，在有足够膳食纤维摄入且不使用益生菌的患者中观察到最明显的益处。研究结果在临床前模型中得到重现，并显示出接受低纤维饮食或益生菌的小鼠对基于抗程序性细胞死亡1（抗PD-1）疗法的治疗反应受损，且肿瘤微环境中干扰素-γ阳性细胞毒性T细胞的频率较低。总之，这些数据对接受ICB治疗癌症的患者有临床意义。
据悉，肠道细菌可调节癌症患者对ICB治疗的反应，但饮食和补充剂对这种互动的影响还没有得到很好的研究。
附：英文原文
Title: Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response
Author: Christine N. Spencer, Jennifer L. McQuade, Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan, John A. McCulloch, Marie Vetizou, Alexandria P. Cogdill, Md A. Wadud Khan, Xiaotao Zhang, Michael G. White, Christine B. Peterson, Matthew C. Wong, Golnaz Morad, Theresa Rodgers, Jonathan H. Badger, Beth A. Helmink, Miles C. Andrews, Richard R. Rodrigues, Andrey Morgun, Young S. Kim, Jason Roszik, Kristi L. Hoffman, Jiali Zheng, Yifan Zhou, Yusra B. Medik, Laura M. Kahn, Sarah Johnson, Courtney W. Hudgens, Khalida Wani, Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau, Angela L. Harris, Mohamed A. Jamal, Erez N. Baruch, Eva Perez-Guijarro, Chi-Ping Day, Glenn Merlino, Barbara Pazdrak, Brooke S. Lochmann, Robert A. Szczepaniak-Sloane, Reetakshi Arora, Jaime Anderson, Chrystia M. Zobniw, Eliza Posada, Elizabeth Sirmans, Julie Simon, Lauren E. Haydu, Elizabeth M. Burton, Linghua Wang, Minghao Dang, Karen Clise-Dwyer, Sarah Schneider, Thomas Chapman, Nana-Ama A. S. Anang, Sheila Duncan, Joseph Toker, Jared C. Malke, Isabella C. Glitza, Rodabe N. Amaria, Hussein A. Tawbi, Adi Diab, Michael K. Wong, Sapna P. Patel, Scott E. Woodman, Michael A. Davies, Merrick I. Ross, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Jeffrey E. Lee, Patrick Hwu, Vanessa Jensen, Yardena Samuels, Ravid Straussman, Nadim J. Ajami, Kelly C. Nelson, Luigi Nezi, Joseph F. Petrosino, P. Andrew Futreal, Alexander J. Lazar, Jianhua Hu, Robert R. Jenq, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Yan Yan, Wendy S. Garrett, Curtis Huttenhower, Padmanee Sharma, Stephanie S. Watowich, James P. Allison, Lorenzo Cohen, Giorgio Trinchieri, Carrie R. Daniel, Jennifer A. Wargo
Issue&Volume: 2021-12-24
Abstract: Gut bacteria modulate the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment in cancer, but the effect of diet and supplements on this interaction is not well studied. We assessed fecal microbiota profiles, dietary habits, and commercially available probiotic supplement use in melanoma patients and performed parallel preclinical studies. Higher dietary fiber was associated with significantly improved progression-free survival in 128 patients on ICB, with the most pronounced benefit observed in patients with sufficient dietary fiber intake and no probiotic use. Findings were recapitulated in preclinical models, which demonstrated impaired treatment response to anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti–PD-1)–based therapy in mice receiving a low-fiber diet or probiotics, with a lower frequency of interferon-γ–positive cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Together, these data have clinical implications for patients receiving ICB for cancer.
DOI: aaz7015
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz7015