美国耶鲁大学医学院Ruslan Medzhitov小组发现，γδ T细胞调节肠道对营养感应的反应。该研究于2021年3月19日发表于国际一流学术期刊《科学》。

为了研究小肠中养分吸收的调控方式，研究人员测试了饮食中不同的大量养分组成对上皮基因表达的影响。研究人员发现碳水化合物消化和吸收所需的酶和转运蛋白受碳水化合物可用性的调节。这种机制的“按需”诱导需要γδT细胞，这种细胞通过抑制3型先天性淋巴样细胞产生白介素22来调节该程序。

营养物质的利用改变了γδT细胞的组织定位和转录组。另外，对饮食的转录反应涉及上皮区室的细胞重塑。因此，这项工作确定了γδT细胞在营养感知中的作用。

据介绍，肠道是与外部环境直接相遇的场所，因此必须在屏障防御与营养吸收之间取得平衡。 

附：英文原文

Title: γδ T cells regulate the intestinal response to nutrient sensing

Author: Zuri A. Sullivan, William Khoury-Hanold, Jaechul Lim, Chris Smillie, Moshe Biton, Bernardo S. Reis, Rachel K. Zwick, Scott D. Pope, Kavita Israni-Winger, Roham Parsa, Naomi H. Philip, Saleh Rashed, Noah Palm, Andrew Wang, Daniel Mucida, Aviv Regev, Ruslan Medzhitov

Issue&Volume: 2021/03/19

Abstract: The intestine is a site of direct encounter with the external environment and must consequently balance barrier defense with nutrient uptake. To investigate how nutrient uptake is regulated in the small intestine, we tested the effect of diets with different macronutrient compositions on epithelial gene expression. We found that enzymes and transporters required for carbohydrate digestion and absorption were regulated by carbohydrate availability. The “on-demand” induction of this machinery required γδ T cells, which regulated this program through the suppression of interleukin-22 production by type 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nutrient availability altered the tissue localization and transcriptome of γδ T cells. Additionally, transcriptional responses to diet involved cellular remodeling of the epithelial compartment. Thus, this work identifies a role for γδ T cells in nutrient sensing.

DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8310

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6535/eaba8310