近日，美国加州大学欧文分校Adam C. Martiny及其研究小组利用元基因组分析揭示海洋养分限制的全球模式。2021年4月16日，国际知名学术期刊《科学》发表了这一成果。

原绿藻（Prochlorocccus）通过基因的获取和丧失来适应局部环境，研究人员使用了基因组变化来作为适应营养应激的指标。研究人员从所有主要海洋地区收集了宏基因组，作为全球海洋船舶的水文调查计划（Bio-GO-SHIP）的一部分，并在氮气、磷和铁同化中的基因中量化转变。

研究人员发现胁迫类型和严重程度以及广泛共胁迫的区域型过渡。原绿藻应激基因、瓶实验和地球系统模型预测是相关的。研究人员认为，多重营养压力的生物地理是通过对通过对氮的固定来联系的。研究人员对这些浮游植物资源使用的描述提供了对全球海洋中营养压力的详细且高分辨的描述。

据介绍，营养供应调节浮游植物的活性，但对营养元素限制的全球生物地理认识仍较少。

附：英文原文

Title: Metagenomic analysis reveals global-scale patterns of ocean nutrient limitation

Author: Lucas J. Ustick, Alyse A. Larkin, Catherine A. Garcia, Nathan S. Garcia, Melissa L. Brock, Jenna A. Lee, Nicola A. Wiseman, J. Keith Moore, Adam C. Martiny

Issue&Volume: 2021/04/16

Abstract: Nutrient supply regulates the activity of phytoplankton, but the global biogeography of nutrient limitation and co-limitation is poorly understood. Prochlorococcus adapt to local environments by gene gains and losses, and we used genomic changes as an indicator of adaptation to nutrient stress. We collected metagenomes from all major ocean regions as part of the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (Bio-GO-SHIP) and quantified shifts in genes involved in nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron assimilation. We found regional transitions in stress type and severity as well as widespread co-stress. Prochlorococcus stress genes, bottle experiments, and Earth system model predictions were correlated. We propose that the biogeography of multinutrient stress is stoichiometrically linked by controls on nitrogen fixation. Our omics-based description of phytoplankton resource use provides a nuanced and highly resolved description of nutrient stress in the global ocean.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6301

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6539/287