在欧洲人到达亚马逊地区之前，广泛退耕造林的影响，这一成果由美国佛罗里达理工学院M. B. Bush和荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学C. N. H. McMichael研究小组合作经过不懈努力而取得。该研究成果于2021年4月30日发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。

根据39个亚马逊地区的花粉化石记录，课题组发现在欧洲人到达亚马逊地区后，没有出现与大气二氧化碳反应相关的同步再造林事件。相反，该团队发现在欧洲人到来前的300到600年，在大多数遗址，土地废弃和森林重生就已存在。欧洲前大流行，社会冲突或环境变化可能是造成这些早期遗弃地点和生态变化的原因。

研究人员表示，在欧洲人进入亚马逊地区后，估计约有90％到95％的当地土著人口死亡。据推测，由于疾病、奴隶制和战争造成的土地遗弃浪潮，人口崩溃导致的大气二氧化碳浓度在公元1610年左右下降，随之而来的森林退耕则大大增加了陆地碳固存。

附：英文原文

Title: Widespread reforestation before European influence on Amazonia

Author: M. B. Bush, M. N. Nascimento, C. M. kesson, G. M. Cárdenes-Sandí, S. Y. Maezumi, H. Behling, A. Correa-Metrio, W. Church, S. N. Huisman, T. Kelly, F. E. Mayle, C. N. H. McMichael

Issue&Volume: 2021/04/30

Abstract: An estimated 90 to 95% of Indigenous people in Amazonia died after European contact. This population collapse is postulated to have caused decreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at around 1610 CE, as a result of a wave of land abandonment in the wake of disease, slavery, and warfare, whereby the attendant reversion to forest substantially increased terrestrial carbon sequestration. On the basis of 39 Amazonian fossil pollen records, we show that there was no synchronous reforestation event associated with such an atmospheric carbon dioxide response after European arrival in Amazonia. Instead, we find that, at most sites, land abandonment and forest regrowth began about 300 to 600 years before European arrival. Pre-European pandemics, social strife, or environmental change may have contributed to these early site abandonments and ecological shifts.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3870

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6541/484