德国科布伦茨大学Ralf Schulz等研究人员发现，农药的应用毒性向植物和无脊椎动物转移。这一研究成果于2021年4月2日在线发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。

通过考虑八个非目标物种组的1591种特定物质的急性毒性阈值，研究人员系统地阐述了381种农药在25年内的使用变化。研究人员发现，施用的杀虫剂对水生无脊椎动物和授粉媒介的毒性已大大增加（与施用量形成鲜明对比），并且这种增加分别是由剧毒拟除虫菊酯和新烟碱类引起的。

研究人员还发现，自2010年左右以来，对于转基因（GM）玉米中水生无脊椎动物和传粉媒介以及耐除草剂大豆中陆生植物而言，应用毒性出现增加。这些结果对减少使用农药对环境的影响提出了挑战。

据悉，农药的影响通常在使用量的背景下进行讨论，而忽略了物质特异性毒性的环境相关差异。

附：英文原文

Title: Applied pesticide toxicity shifts toward plants and invertebrates, even in GM crops

Author: Ralf Schulz, Sascha Bub, Lara L. Petschick, Sebastian Stehle, Jakob Wolfram

Issue&Volume: 2021/04/02

Abstract: Pesticide impacts are usually discussed in the context of applied amounts while disregarding the large but environmentally relevant variations in substance-specific toxicity. Here, we systemically interpret changes in the use of 381 pesticides over 25 years by considering 1591 substance-specific acute toxicity threshold values for eight nontarget species groups. We find that the toxicity of applied insecticides to aquatic invertebrates and pollinators has increased considerably—in sharp contrast to the applied amount—and that this increase has been driven by highly toxic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids, respectively. We also report increasing applied toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and pollinators in genetically modified (GM) corn and to terrestrial plants in herbicide-tolerant soybeans since approximately 2010. Our results challenge the claims of a decrease in the environmental impacts of pesticide use.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1148

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6537/81