荷兰荷兰癌症研究所Benjamin D. Rowland和美国贝勒医学院Erez Lieberman Aiden研究组合作取得最新进展。他们利用生命树的三维（3D）基因组学揭示了凝集素 II是架构类型的决定因素。 该项研究成果发表在2021年5月28日出版的《科学》杂志上。

他们提出了一个物理模型，在有丝分裂过程中通过凝集素II进行染色体的纵向压缩确定了染色体规模的基因组架构，并在随后的中期保留了这种效应。自从所有真核生物的最后一个共同祖先以来，这种机制就可能被保留了下来。

此外，他们研究了真核生物生命树上的基因组折叠。他们在染色体规模上发现了两种类型的3D基因组架构。每种类型在真核进化过程中反复出现和消失。生物体展示的基因组结构类型与凝集素II亚基的缺失有关。此外，凝集素II敲除将人类基因组的结构转换为类似于真菌或蚊子等生物体所见的状态。在这种状态下，着丝粒在核仁处聚集在一起，异染色质结构域合并。

附：英文原文

Title: 3D genomics across the tree of life reveals condensin II as a determinant of architecture type

Author: Claire Hoencamp, Olga Dudchenko, Ahmed M. O. Elbatsh, Sumitabha Brahmachari, Jonne A. Raaijmakers, Tom van Schaik, ángela Sedeo Cacciatore, Vinícius G. Contessoto, Roy G. H. P. van Heesbeen, Bram van den Broek, Aditya N. Mhaskar, Hans Teunissen, Brian Glenn St Hilaire, David Weisz, Arina D. Omer, Melanie Pham, Zane Colaric, Zhenzhen Yang, Suhas S. P. Rao, Namita Mitra, Christopher Lui, Weijie Yao, Ruqayya Khan, Leonid L. Moroz, Andrea Kohn, Judy St. Leger, Alexandria Mena, Karen Holcroft, Maria Cristina Gambetta, Fabian Lim, Emma Farley, Nils Stein, Alexander Haddad, Daniel Chauss, Ayse Sena Mutlu, Meng C. Wang, Neil D. Young, Evin Hildebrandt, Hans H. Cheng, Christopher J. Knight, Theresa L. U. Burnham, Kevin A. Hovel, Andrew J. Beel, Pierre-Jean Mattei, Roger D. Kornberg, Wesley C. Warren, Gregory Cary, José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta, Veronica Hinman, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh

Issue&Volume: 2021/05/28

Abstract: We investigated genome folding across the eukaryotic tree of life. We find two types of three-dimensional (3D) genome architectures at the chromosome scale. Each type appears and disappears repeatedly during eukaryotic evolution. The type of genome architecture that an organism exhibits correlates with the absence of condensin II subunits. Moreover, condensin II depletion converts the architecture of the human genome to a state resembling that seen in organisms such as fungi or mosquitoes. In this state, centromeres cluster together at nucleoli, and heterochromatin domains merge. We propose a physical model in which lengthwise compaction of chromosomes by condensin II during mitosis determines chromosome-scale genome architecture, with effects that are retained during the subsequent interphase. This mechanism likely has been conserved since the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes.

DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2218

Source: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/372/6545/984