近日，美国耶鲁大学Akiko Iwasaki等研究人员合作发现，未加佐剂的鼻内突刺疫苗可引发对沙贝科病毒的保护性粘膜免疫力。该研究于2022年11月25日发表于国际一流学术期刊《科学》。

研究人员开发了一种疫苗策略，被称为“prime and spike”，它利用初级疫苗接种产生的现有免疫力（prime），通过使用无佐剂的鼻内秒杀增强剂（spike），在呼吸道内引起粘膜免疫记忆。结果表明，prime and spike能诱导强大的常驻记忆B细胞和T细胞反应，诱导呼吸道粘膜的免疫球蛋白A，提高全身免疫力，并完全保护具有部分免疫力的小鼠免受致命的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染。使用不同的突刺蛋白，prime and spike能够诱导针对沙贝科病毒的交叉反应性免疫。

据悉，SARS-CoV-2的大流行突出了对不仅能预防疾病而且能防止传播的疫苗的需求。肠外疫苗能诱导强大的全身免疫力，但在呼吸道粘膜上的免疫力却很差。

附：英文原文

Title: Unadjuvanted intranasal spike vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against sarbecoviruses

Author: Tianyang Mao, Benjamin Israelow, Mario A. Pea-Hernández, Alexandra Suberi, Liqun Zhou, Sophia Luyten, Melanie Reschke, Huiping Dong, Robert J. Homer, W. Mark Saltzman, Akiko Iwasaki

Issue&Volume: 2022-11-25

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines that not only prevent disease but also prevent transmission. Parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity but poor immunity at the respiratory mucosa. We developed a vaccine strategy that we call “prime and spike,” which leverages existing immunity generated by primary vaccination (prime) to elicit mucosal immune memory within the respiratory tract by using unadjuvanted intranasal spike boosters (spike). We show that prime and spike induces robust resident memory B and T cell responses, induces immunoglobulin A at the respiratory mucosa, boosts systemic immunity, and completely protects mice with partial immunity from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using divergent spike proteins, prime and spike enables the induction of cross-reactive immunity against sarbecoviruses.

DOI: abo2523

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo2523