研究人员开发了一种核苷修饰的信使RNA（mRNA）-脂质纳米粒子疫苗，编码来自所有20种已知的甲型流感病毒亚型和乙型流感病毒系的血凝素抗原。这种多价疫苗在小鼠和雪貂体内引起了高水平的交叉反应和亚型特异性抗体，对所有20种编码抗原都有反应。疫苗接种保护了受到匹配和不匹配病毒株挑战的小鼠和雪貂，而且这种保护至少部分地依赖于抗体。这项研究表明，mRNA疫苗可以通过同时诱导针对多种抗原的抗体来提供对抗原可变病毒的保护。
据悉，季节性流感疫苗对大流行性流感病毒株的保护作用很小。由于不确定哪种流感病毒亚型会引起下一次大流行，所以很难创造有效的大流行前疫苗。
附：英文原文
Title: A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes
Author: Claudia P. Arevalo, Marcus J. Bolton, Valerie Le Sage, Naiqing Ye, Colleen Furey, Hiromi Muramatsu, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Norbert Pardi, Elizabeth M. Drapeau, Kaela Parkhouse, Tyler Garretson, Jeffrey S. Morris, Louise H. Moncla, Ying K. Tam, Steven H. Y. Fan, Seema S. Lakdawala, Drew Weissman, Scott E. Hensley
Issue&Volume: 2022-11-25
Abstract: Seasonal influenza vaccines offer little protection against pandemic influenza virus strains. It is difficult to create effective prepandemic vaccines because it is uncertain which influenza virus subtype will cause the next pandemic. In this work, we developed a nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (mRNA)–lipid nanoparticle vaccine encoding hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known influenza A virus subtypes and influenza B virus lineages. This multivalent vaccine elicited high levels of cross-reactive and subtype-specific antibodies in mice and ferrets that reacted to all 20 encoded antigens. Vaccination protected mice and ferrets challenged with matched and mismatched viral strains, and this protection was at least partially dependent on antibodies. Our studies indicate that mRNA vaccines can provide protection against antigenically variable viruses by simultaneously inducing antibodies against multiple antigens.
DOI: abm0271
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm0271