研究人员表明，相对来说，很少有鸟类、哺乳动物或两栖动物的不同区域分布对表现出与许多生态相关性状中的分化适应模型一致的性状差异。通过将新的演化模型与许多姐妹对的性状差异相匹配，研究人员发现，正在物种形成和最近物种形成的不同区域分布类群似乎绝大多数都是在类似而非分化的宏观选择压力下演化的。这与经典的观点相矛盾，即分歧适应是物种形成早期阶段的主要驱动力，并有助于综合有关物种形成的生态学和地理学的两个历史争议。
据介绍，经过几十年的争论，今天的生物学家们基本上同意，大多数的物种分化事件需要一个不同区域分布的阶段（即地理上的分离），但在这个关键时期，适应性生态分化的作用仍然是未知的。
附：英文原文
Title: The role of divergent ecological adaptation during allopatric speciation in vertebrates
Author: Sean A. S. Anderson, Jason T. Weir
Issue&Volume: 2022-12-16
Abstract: After decades of debate, biologists today largely agree that most speciation events require an allopatric phase (that is, geographic separation), but the role of adaptive ecological divergence during this critical period is still unknown. Here, we show that relatively few allopatric pairs of birds, mammals, or amphibians exhibit trait differences consistent with models of divergent adaptation in each of many ecologically relevant traits. By fitting new evolutionary models to numerous sets of sister-pair trait differences, we find that speciating and recently speciated allopatric taxa seem to overwhelmingly evolve under similar rather than divergent macro–selective pressures. This contradicts the classical view of divergent adaptation as a prominent driver of the early stages of speciation and helps synthesize two historical controversies regarding the ecology and geography of species formation.
DOI: abo7719
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo7719