美国宾夕法尼亚大学Paul Schmidt和Seth M. Rudman以及美国斯坦福大学Sharon I. Greenblum课题组合作取得最新进展。他们对果蝇进行了生态时间尺度适应性追踪的直接观察。2022年3月18日出版的《科学》杂志发表了这项成果。

他们追踪了从夏季到晚秋的 10 代黑腹果蝇 10 个重复田间种群中，与健康相关的表型和全基因组等位基因频率的演变。适应在每个采样间隔（一到四代）中都很明显，在许多独立位点具有异常快速的表型适应和大的等位基因频率变化。适应性反应的方向和基础随着时间的推移反复变化，与强烈且快速波动的选择作用一致。总体而言，他们发现了与环境变化同时发生的自适应追踪的明确表型和基因组证据，从而证明了适应的时间动态性质。

据介绍，直接观察响应自然环境变化的进化可以解决有关适应的基本问题，包括其速度、时间动态以及潜在的表型和基因组结构。

附：英文原文

Title: Direct observation of adaptive tracking on ecological time scales in Drosophila

Author: Seth M. Rudman, Sharon I. Greenblum, Subhash Rajpurohit, Nicolas J. Betancourt, Jinjoo Hanna, Susanne Tilk, Tuya Yokoyama, Dmitri A. Petrov, Paul Schmidt

Issue&Volume: 2022-03-18

Abstract: Direct observation of evolution in response to natural environmental change can resolve fundamental questions about adaptation, including its pace, temporal dynamics, and underlying phenotypic and genomic architecture. We tracked the evolution of fitness-associated phenotypes and allele frequencies genome-wide in 10 replicate field populations of Drosophila melanogaster over 10 generations from summer to late fall. Adaptation was evident over each sampling interval (one to four generations), with exceptionally rapid phenotypic adaptation and large allele frequency shifts at many independent loci. The direction and basis of the adaptive response shifted repeatedly over time, consistent with the action of strong and rapidly fluctuating selection. Overall, we found clear phenotypic and genomic evidence of adaptive tracking occurring contemporaneously with environmental change, thus demonstrating the temporally dynamic nature of adaptation.

DOI: abj7484

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj7484