肠道细菌影响大脑功能和新陈代谢。研究人员报道了这种影响是否可以通过大脑神经元对细菌细胞壁成分的直接感应来介导。在小鼠身上，研究人员发现细菌肽聚糖在通过Nod2受体介导肠道-大脑交流方面发挥了主要作用。肽聚糖衍生的神经肽到达大脑并改变表达Nod2的大脑神经元亚群的活动。下丘脑抑制性神经元中Nod2的激活对于适当的食欲和体温控制至关重要，主要是在雌性中。
这项研究确定了一种调节摄食行为和宿主代谢的微生物感应机制。
附：英文原文
Title: Bacterial sensing via neuronal Nod2 regulates appetite and body temperature
Author: Ilana Gabanyi, Gabriel Lepousez, Richard Wheeler, Alba Vieites-Prado, Antoine Nissant, Sébastien Wagner, Carine Moigneu, Sophie Dulauroy, Samia Hicham, Bernadette Polomack, Florine Verny, Philip Rosenstiel, Nicolas Renier, Ivo Gomperts Boneca, Gérard Eberl, Pierre-Marie Lledo
Issue&Volume: 2022-04-15
Abstract: Gut bacteria influence brain functions and metabolism. We investigated whether this influence can be mediated by direct sensing of bacterial cell wall components by brain neurons. In mice, we found that bacterial peptidoglycan plays a major role in mediating gut-brain communication via the Nod2 receptor. Peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides reach the brain and alter the activity of a subset of brain neurons that express Nod2. Activation of Nod2 in hypothalamic inhibitory neurons is essential for proper appetite and body temperature control, primarily in females. This study identifies a microbe-sensing mechanism that regulates feeding behavior and host metabolism.
DOI: abj3986
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj3986