研究人员通过调查18,385只纯种和混种狗的主人并对2155只狗进行基因分型来审查品种固有特征。大多数行为特征是可遗传的[遗传力（h2）> 25％]，混种狗的混合模式揭示了品种倾向。品种只解释了9%的个体行为变化。全基因组关联分析确定了与行为显著相关的11个位点，特征品种行为表现出遗传复杂性。行为基因座在品种中没有异常分化，但品种倾向与祖先功能一致，尽管很弱。
研究人员提出，被视为现代品种特征的行为源于数千年早于品种形成的多基因适应，现代品种主要以审美特征为特征。
据介绍，狗的行为遗传学研究主要关注现代品种，它们是具有独特身体特征和行为特征的孤立亚群。
附：英文原文
Title: Ancestry-inclusive dog genomics challenges popular breed stereotypes
Author: Kathleen Morrill, Jessica Hekman, Xue Li, Jesse McClure, Brittney Logan, Linda Goodman, Mingshi Gao, Yinan Dong, Marjie Alonso, Elena Carmichael, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Jacob Alonso, Hyun Ji Noh, Jeremy Johnson, Michele Koltookian, Charlie Lieu, Kate Megquier, Ross Swofford, Jason Turner-Maier, Michelle E. White, Zhiping Weng, Andrés Colubri, Diane P. Genereux, Kathryn A. Lord, Elinor K. Karlsson
Issue&Volume: 2022-04-29
Abstract: Behavioral genetics in dogs has focused on modern breeds, which are isolated subgroups with distinctive physical and, purportedly, behavioral characteristics. We interrogated breed stereotypes by surveying owners of 18,385 purebred and mixed-breed dogs and genotyping 2155 dogs. Most behavioral traits are heritable [heritability (h2) > 25%], and admixture patterns in mixed-breed dogs reveal breed propensities. Breed explains just 9% of behavioral variation in individuals. Genome-wide association analyses identify 11 loci that are significantly associated with behavior, and characteristic breed behaviors exhibit genetic complexity. Behavioral loci are not unusually differentiated in breeds, but breed propensities align, albeit weakly, with ancestral function. We propose that behaviors perceived as characteristic of modern breeds derive from thousands of years of polygenic adaptation that predates breed formation, with modern breeds distinguished primarily by aesthetic traits.
DOI: abk0639
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0639