美国斯坦福大学
研究人员对坦桑尼亚哈德扎狩猎采集者的婴儿粪便样本进行了深度测序，并在一项全球元分析中对其进行了分析。婴儿微生物组沿着与生活方式相关的轨迹发展，在哈德扎婴儿肠道中检测到的基因组有20%以上是新物种。工业化的婴儿，即使是那些母乳喂养的婴儿，其微生物组的特点是缺乏婴儿双歧杆菌和参与人乳利用的基因盒。生活方式相关分类组中的菌株在母婴之间共享，这与生活方式型微生物组的早期生命遗传相一致。婴儿微生物组组成和功能的特定人群差异强调了研究富裕的工业化国家以外人群微生物组的重要性。
据了解，对工业化国家的婴儿微生物组的组装进行了深入的研究，但对非工业化人口的这一过程知之甚少。
附：英文原文
Title: Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles
Author: Matthew R. Olm, Dylan Dahan, Matthew M. Carter, Bryan D. Merrill, Feiqiao B. Yu, Sunit Jain, Xiandong Meng, Surya Tripathi, Hannah Wastyk, Norma Neff, Susan Holmes, Erica D. Sonnenburg, Aashish R. Jha, Justin L. Sonnenburg
Issue&Volume: 2022-06-10
Abstract: Infant microbiome assembly has been intensely studied in infants from industrialized nations, but little is known about this process in nonindustrialized populations. We deeply sequenced infant stool samples from the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania and analyzed them in a global meta-analysis. Infant microbiomes develop along lifestyle-associated trajectories, with more than 20% of genomes detected in the Hadza infant gut representing novel species. Industrialized infants—even those who are breastfed—have microbiomes characterized by a paucity of Bifidobacterium infantis and gene cassettes involved in human milk utilization. Strains within lifestyle-associated taxonomic groups are shared between mother-infant dyads, consistent with early life inheritance of lifestyle-shaped microbiomes. The population-specific differences in infant microbiome composition and function underscore the importance of studying microbiomes from people outside of wealthy, industrialized nations.
DOI: abj2972
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj2972