美国哈佛大学医学院David Reich等利用古代DNA揭示了进入密克罗尼西亚地区五批早期太平洋海员的母系地区。相关论文于2022年7月1日发表在《科学》杂志上。
研究人员利用164个古代个体和112个现代个体生成了全基因组数据，并分析揭示了进入密克罗尼西亚的五个迁徙流。三个与东亚有关，一个与波利尼西亚有关，第五个是与新几内亚大陆巴布亚人来源有关，这与西南太平洋人口从新不列颠相关巴布亚人来源不同，但同样来自约2500至2000年前的男性移民。
马里亚纳群岛人的所有前殖民血统可能都来自东亚，这使他们成为唯一没有巴布亚血统的偏远大洋洲人。女性遗传的线粒体DNA在早期偏远的大洋洲社区中高度分化，但在内部是同质的，这意味着女性几乎从未在与她们出身不同的社区抚养孩子。
据介绍，密克罗尼西亚早于其它偏远大洋洲地区开始有人居住，但其居民起源仍不清楚。
附：英文原文
Title: Ancient DNA reveals five streams of migration into Micronesia and matrilocality in early Pacific seafarers
Author: Yue-Chen Liu, Rosalind Hunter-Anderson, Olivia Cheronet, Joanne Eakin, Frank Camacho, Michael Pietrusewsky, Nadin Rohland, Alexander Ioannidis, J. Stephen Athens, Michele Toomay Douglas, Rona Michi Ikehara-Quebral, Rebecca Bernardos, Brendan J. Culleton, Matthew Mah, Nicole Adamski, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Ann Marie Lawson, Kirsten Mandl, Megan Michel, Jonas Oppenheimer, Kristin Stewardson, Fatma Zalzala, Kenneth Kidd, Judith Kidd, Theodore G. Schurr, Kathryn Auckland, Adrian V. S. Hill, Alexander J. Mentzer, Consuelo D. Quinto-Cortés, Kathryn Robson, Douglas J. Kennett, Nick Patterson, Carlos D. Bustamante, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Matthew Spriggs, Miguel Vilar, Mark Lipson, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich
Issue&Volume: 2022-07-01
Abstract: Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its inhabitants remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory streams into Micronesia. Three are East Asian related, one is Polynesian, and a fifth is a Papuan source related to mainland New Guineans that is different from the New Britain–related Papuan source for southwest Pacific populations but is similarly derived from male migrants ~2500 to 2000 years ago. People of the Mariana Archipelago may derive all of their precolonial ancestry from East Asian sources, making them the only Remote Oceanians without Papuan ancestry. Female-inherited mitochondrial DNA was highly differentiated across early Remote Oceanian communities but homogeneous within, implying matrilocal practices whereby women almost never raised their children in communities different from the ones in which they grew up.
DOI: abm6536
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm6536