美国哈佛大学Iosif Lazaridis等研究人员合作发现，来自美索不达米亚的古代DNA表明有不同的前陶器和陶器新石器时代移民进入安纳托利亚。相关论文于2022年8月25日发表于国际学术期刊《科学》。
研究人员提出了美索不达米亚（土耳其东南部和伊拉克北部）、塞浦路斯和扎格罗斯西北部的前陶器新石器时代的第一个古DNA数据，以及新石器时代亚美尼亚的第一个数据。结果表明，这些和邻近的人口是通过与安纳托利亚、高加索和黎凡特狩猎采集者有关的前新石器时代来源的混合而形成的，形成了一个反映西亚地理的新石器时代的连续祖先。
通过分析安纳托利亚的前陶器和陶器新石器时代人口，研究人员表明前者是由美索不达米亚相关来源和当地旧石器时代后期相关来源混杂而来，而后者则经历了额外的黎凡特相关基因流，从而记录了至少两次从肥沃月湾中心地带向安纳托利亚早期农民的移民脉冲。
附：英文原文
Title: Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia
Author: Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Aye Acar, Ayen Akkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijaevi, Dragana Antonovi, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet hsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca Bernardos, Andreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodrui, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Duan Bori, Nikola Borovini, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Cari, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija ondi, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J. Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Tatiana I. Demcenco, Valentin Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjevi, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie R. Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engin, Nihat Erdoan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarc, Daniel M. Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frnculeasa, Michael L. Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Gen, Timur Gültekin, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, lkay vgin, Ivor Jankovi, Lence Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna Kavaz-Kndl, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kl, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saa Kovaevi, Marta Krenz-Niedbaa, Maja Krznari krivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Catalin Lazar, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E. Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Sylwia ukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milainovi, Alissa Mittnik, Janet M. Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G. Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Iigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna Osterholtz, Celal zdemir, Kadir Toykan zdoan, Nurettin ztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G. Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Blnic, Zrinka Premui, T. Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Sinia Radovi, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Raji ikanji, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergei Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenc Ruka, Victoria Russeva
Issue&Volume: 2022-08-26
Abstract: We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.
DOI: abq0762
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq0762