美国哈佛大学Iosif Lazaridis等研究人员合作揭示
通过对南弧地区（安纳托利亚及其东南欧和西亚的邻国）的727个古代个体进行1万年的测序，研究人员对其铜石并用时期和青铜时代（约公元前5000年至1000年）的背景进行了分析，当时广泛的基因流动使其与欧亚草原纠缠在一起。两股移民流将高加索和安纳托利亚/列维坦的血统向北传播，在草原上形成的亚姆纳亚牧民随后向南传播到巴尔干地区，并跨越高加索进入亚美尼亚，在那里他们留下了大量的父系后裔。
安纳托利亚被西亚内部的基因流动所改变，后来亚姆纳亚移民的影响可以忽略不计。这与所有其他使用印欧语系的地区形成鲜明对比，表明印欧语系的故乡在西亚，只有来自草原的非安纳托利亚印欧人的二次扩散。
附：英文原文
Title: The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe
Author: Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Aye Acar, Ayen Akkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijaevi, Dragana Antonovi, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet hsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca Bernardos, Andreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodrui, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Duan Bori, Nikola Borovini, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Cari, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija ondi, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J. Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Tatiana I. Demcenco, Valentin Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjevi, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie R. Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engin, Nihat Erdoan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarc, Daniel M. Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frnculeasa, Michael L. Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Gen, Timur Gültekin, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, lkay vgin, Ivor Jankovi, Lence Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna Kavaz-Kndl, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kl, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saa Kovaevi, Marta Krenz-Niedbaa, Maja Krznari krivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Catalin Lazar, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E. Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Sylwia ukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milainovi, Alissa Mittnik, Janet M. Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G. Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Iigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna Osterholtz, Celal zdemir, Kadir Toykan zdoan, Nurettin ztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G. Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Blnic, Zrinka Premui, T. Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Sinia Radovi, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Raji ikanji, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergei Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenc Ruka, Victoria Russeva
Issue&Volume: 2022-08-26
Abstract: By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
DOI: abm4247
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm4247