近日，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院Barbara Treutlein等研究人员合作完成蝾螈端脑组织、神经发生和再生的单细胞分析。这一研究成果于2022年9月2日发表在国际学术期刊《科学》上。

研究人员使用单细胞基因组分析法对蝾螈端脑在平衡和再生过程中的细胞群进行了划分。研究人员确定了与海马、背和侧皮层的羊膜动物神经元相似的谷氨酸能神经元，以及保守的γ-氨基丁酸释放（GABA能）神经元类别。研究人员推断了胚后期特定区域神经发生的转录动态和基因调控关系，并解读了保守的分化特征。脑损伤后，上皮细胞在重建失去的神经元群体和轴突连接之前激活了损伤的特异性状态。总之，这些分析产生了对四足动物神经系统的组织、演化和再生的洞察力。

据介绍，蝾螈是研究大脑组织和再生的四足动物模型；然而，脑细胞类型的身份和演化保守性在很大程度上是未知的。

附：英文原文

Title: Single-cell analyses of axolotl telencephalon organization, neurogenesis, and regeneration

Author: Katharina Lust, Ashley Maynard, Tomás Gomes, Jonas Simon Fleck, J. Gray Camp, Elly M. Tanaka, Barbara Treutlein

Issue&Volume: 2022-09-02

Abstract: Salamanders are tetrapod models to study brain organization and regeneration; however, the identity and evolutionary conservation of brain cell types are largely unknown. We delineated the cell populations in the axolotl telencephalon during homeostasis and regeneration using single-cell genomic profiling. We identified glutamatergic neurons with similarities to amniote neurons of hippocampus, dorsal and lateral cortex, and conserved γ-aminobutyric acid–releasing (GABAergic) neuron classes. We inferred transcriptional dynamics and gene regulatory relationships of postembryonic, region-specific neurogenesis and unraveled conserved differentiation signatures. After brain injury, ependymoglia activate an injury-specific state before reestablishing lost neuron populations and axonal connections. Together, our analyses yield insights into the organization, evolution, and regeneration of a tetrapod nervous system.

DOI: abp9262

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9262