美国普林斯顿大学Joshua D. Rabinowitz等研究人员合作实现肠道细菌营养偏好的体内量化。该研究于2022年9月1日发表于国际一流学术期刊《细胞》。

研究人员用同位素追踪法定量检查了小鼠肠道微生物组的输入和输出。微生物碳水化合物发酵的主要输入是膳食纤维，支链脂肪酸和芳香族代谢物的输入是膳食蛋白质。此外，循环中的宿主乳酸、3-羟基丁酸和尿素（但不是葡萄糖或氨基酸）为肠道微生物组提供营养。为了确定不同细菌的营养偏好，研究人员追踪到特定属的细菌蛋白质序列。研究人员发现了营养物质使用的系统性差异：厚壁菌门中的大多数属喜欢膳食蛋白，拟杆菌门喜欢膳食纤维，而阿克曼菌循环宿主乳酸。这种偏好与响应饮食调整的微生物组组成变化相关。因此，饮食通过促进优先使用摄入营养物质的细菌生长来塑造微生物组。

据悉，人们在了解肠道微生物组的产物及其对健康和疾病的影响方面已经取得了巨大进展。然而，对肠道细菌所消耗的输入物的关注较少。

附：英文原文

Title: Gut bacterial nutrient preferences quantified in vivo

Author: Xianfeng Zeng, Xi Xing, Meera Gupta, Felix C. Keber, Jaime G. Lopez, Ying-Chiang J. Lee, Asael Roichman, Lin Wang, Michael D. Neinast, Mohamed S. Donia, Martin Wühr, Cholsoon Jang, Joshua D. Rabinowitz

Issue&Volume: 2022/09/01

Abstract: Great progress has been made in understanding gut microbiomes’ products and theireffects on health and disease. Less attention, however, has been given to the inputsthat gut bacteria consume. Here, we quantitatively examine inputs and outputs of themouse gut microbiome, using isotope tracing. The main input to microbial carbohydratefermentation is dietary fiber and to branched-chain fatty acids and aromatic metabolitesis dietary protein. In addition, circulating host lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, andurea (but not glucose or amino acids) feed the gut microbiome. To determine the nutrientpreferences across bacteria, we traced into genus-specific bacterial protein sequences.We found systematic differences in nutrient use: most genera in the phylum Firmicutesprefer dietary protein, Bacteroides dietary fiber, and Akkermansia circulating host lactate. Such preferences correlate with microbiome compositionchanges in response to dietary modifications. Thus, diet shapes the microbiome bypromoting the growth of bacteria that preferentially use the ingested nutrients.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.020

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(22)00923-0