2023年12月12日出版的《地球化学学报》杂志发表了科学家的一项最新研究成果。中国科学院地球化学研究所的Xia, Yong和Tan, Qinping的课题组，为研究中国黔西南Baidi金锑矿的成矿作用提供了来自含硫矿物的矿物学和地球化学证据。

为此，研究人员开展了野外考察、显微观察和原位分析来确定矿体的空间分布、矿物共生、成分演化和成矿物质来源。确定了金、锑的共生特征及成矿作用。矿床中的主要载金矿物为早期(Apy1-2)和晚期(Apy3)阶段的毒砂，以及预矿化前(Py1)、矿化(Py2-5)和矿化后(Py6-7)阶段的黄铁矿。主要含锑矿物为辉锑矿(Snt)、镍黄铁矿、硼铁矿和钒铁矿。矿物的形成顺序为Py1，Py2-3+Apy1，Py4-5 +Apy2，Snt，和Py6-7+Apy3。

毒砂和黄铁矿的δ³⁴S值在-5-5‰之间，而辉锑矿的δ³⁴S值在成矿后期大多小于-5‰。硫主要由深部岩浆热液提供，后期又加入了沉积硫。此外，微量元素含量呈波动趋势，最终趋于与沉积地层相近。综合考虑矿石及矿床地质特征，确定成矿时深部岩浆提供了金。后期构造变化从沉积地层中提供锑，沿断裂扩张区沉积，形成金、锑共生。

据了解，Baidi金锑矿床是发育在贵州西南部典型的稀有共生矿床，含8t的金和10,979Mt的锑。以往的研究主要集中在单个矿石上，没有将它们组合起来以确定它们的共生机制和成矿规律。

附：英文原文

Title: Metallogenesis of the Baidi Au-Sb deposit, southwest Guizhou Province, China: mineralogical and geochemical evidence from sulfur-bearing minerals

Author: Yan, Jun, Xia, Yong, Tan, Qinping, Xie, Zhuojun, Ji, Guosong

Issue&Volume: 2023-12-12

Abstract: The Baidi Au-Sb deposit, which contains 8 t of Au and 10,979 Mt of Sb, is a typical and rare paragenetic deposit located in southwestern Guizhou Province, China. Previous studies have focused on individual ores, but have not combined them to identify their paragenetic mechanism or metallogenic regularity. Therefore, we used field investigations, microscopic observations, and in situ analyses to identify the spatial distribution, mineral paragenesis, compositional evolution, and metallogenic material sources of the ore bodies. We also determined the Au and Sb paragenetic characteristics and the metallogenesis of the deposit. The main Au-bearing minerals in the deposit were early (Apy1–2) and late (Apy3) stage arsenopyrites, as well as pre-mineralization (Py1), mineralization (Py2–5), and late mineralization (Py6–7) stage pyrites. The main Sb-bearing minerals were stibnite (Snt), skinnerite, bournonite, and valentinite. The minerals formed in the order of Py1, Py2–3+Apy1, Py4–5+Apy2, Snt, and Py6–7+Apy3. The δ³⁴S values of the arsenopyrites and pyrites ranged from -5 to 5‰, while those of stibnite were mostly less than -5‰ in the later mineralization stages. Sulfur was provided by deep magmatic hydrothermal fluids, but sedimentary sulfur was added in the later stages. Moreover, the trace elemental contents fluctuated and eventually became similar to those of the sedimentary strata. By comprehensively considering the ores along with the geological characteristics of the deposit, we determined that deep magma provided the Au during ore formation. Later tectonic changes provided Sb from the sedimentary strata, which precipitated along fault expansion areas and produced Au and Sb paragenesis.

DOI: 10.1007/s11631-023-00653-3

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11631-023-00653-3