研究人员揭示了人类肠道细菌如何在体外和定菌小鼠体内影响两种主要细菌病原体的定植。单个物种的影响可以忽略不计，而随着群落多样性的增加，定植抵抗力也大大提高。此外，这种群落级的抗性关键取决于某些物种的存在。研究人员通过抗性群落消耗与病原体使用的营养物质重叠的营养物质的集体能力来解释这些生态模式。
此外，研究人员还应用这些发现成功预测了抵抗新型目标菌株的群落。这项工作提供了微生物群落多样性有益的原因，并为合理设计抗病原体群落提供了途径。
据悉，人类肠道微生物群在抵御病原体对宿主的定植方面发挥着重要作用，但人们缺乏预测哪些群落具有保护作用的能力。
附：英文原文
Title: Microbiome diversity protects against pathogens by nutrient blocking
Author: Frances Spragge, Erik Bakkeren, Martin T. Jahn, Elizete B. N. Araujo, Claire F. Pearson, Xuedan Wang, Louise Pankhurst, Olivier Cunrath, Kevin R. Foster
Issue&Volume: 2023-12-15
Abstract: The human gut microbiome plays an important role in resisting colonization of the host by pathogens, but we lack the ability to predict which communities will be protective. We studied how human gut bacteria influence colonization of two major bacterial pathogens, both in vitro and in gnotobiotic mice. Whereas single species alone had negligible effects, colonization resistance greatly increased with community diversity. Moreover, this community-level resistance rested critically upon certain species being present. We explained these ecological patterns through the collective ability of resistant communities to consume nutrients that overlap with those used by the pathogen. Furthermore, we applied our findings to successfully predict communities that resist a novel target strain. Our work provides a reason why microbiome diversity is beneficial and suggests a route for the rational design of pathogen-resistant communities.
DOI: adj3502
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj3502