火积雨云(pyroCb)是野火产生的对流云团，可以直接将烟雾注入平流层。火积雨云已被追踪多年，但它们的罕见性和偶发性导致了高度不确定的气候影响。对焦炭烟的现场测量揭示了其独特和异常稳定的气溶胶性质，并确定了焦炭烟活动对平流层气溶胶预算的长期影响。对13年的空中观测数据的分析表明，在“今天”平流层下部，10%到25%的黑碳和有机气溶胶是由火山灰造成的，在南北半球都有类似的影响。
这些结果表明，如果火积雨云在未来气候中的频率和/或强度增加，它们可能会在平流层气溶胶中产生主导趋势。
附：英文原文
Title: Pyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol composition
Author: J. M. Katich, E. C. Apel, I. Bourgeois, C. A. Brock, T. P. Bui, P. Campuzano-Jost, R. Commane, B. Daube, M. Dollner, M. Fromm, K. D. Froyd, A. J. Hills, R. S. Hornbrook, J. L. Jimenez, A. Kupc, K. D. Lamb, K. McKain, F. Moore, D. M. Murphy, B. A. Nault, J. Peischl, A. E. Perring, D. A. Peterson, E. A. Ray, K. H. Rosenlof, T. Ryerson, G. P. Schill, J. C. Schroder, B. Weinzierl, C. Thompson, C. J. Williamson, S. C. Wofsy, P. Yu, J. P. Schwarz
Issue&Volume: 2023-02-24
Abstract: Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) are wildfire-generated convective clouds that can inject smoke directly into the stratosphere. PyroCb have been tracked for years, yet their apparent rarity and episodic nature lead to highly uncertain climate impacts. In situ measurements of pyroCb smoke reveal its distinctive and exceptionally stable aerosol properties and define the long-term influence of pyroCb activity on the stratospheric aerosol budget. Analysis of 13 years of airborne observations shows that pyroCb are responsible for 10 to 25% of the black carbon and organic aerosols in the “present-day” lower stratosphere, with similar impacts in both the North and South Hemispheres. These results suggest that, should pyroCb increase in frequency and/or magnitude in future climates, they could generate dominant trends in stratospheric aerosol.
DOI: add3101
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add3101