美国威尔康奈尔医学院Jingmei Hsu等研究人员合作发现一名女性在接受单倍体脐带血移植后HIV-1得到缓解并可能治愈。2023年3月16日，国际知名学术期刊《细胞》发表了这一成果。

研究人员报告了一名接受CCR5Δ32/Δ32单倍体干细胞移植（脐带血细胞与成人单倍体干细胞结合）治疗急性骨髓性白血病（AML）的混血女性的首次缓解和可能治愈HIV-1。移植后第14周，外周血嵌合率为100% CCR5Δ32/Δ32脐带血，并持续到4.8年的随访。免疫重建与以下因素相关：(1)失去可检测到的复制能力的HIV-1储库，(2)失去HIV-1特异性免疫反应，(3)对X4和R5实验室变体的体外抗性，包括移植前的自体潜伏储库分离物，以及(4)从移植后37个月开始，在停止抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下，HIV-1得到18个月控制。

CCR5Δ32/Δ32单倍体脐带血移植实现了缓解和可能的HIV-1治愈，该病人具有不同的血统，并患有HIV-1，因急性白血病需要进行干细胞移植。

据了解，此前，有两名男子通过CCR5Δ32同型（CCR5Δ32/Δ32）异基因成人干细胞移植治愈了HIV-1。

附：英文原文

Title: HIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant

Author: Jingmei Hsu, Koen Van Besien, Marshall J. Glesby, Savita Pahwa, Anne Coletti, Meredith G. Warshaw, Larry Petz, Theodore B. Moore, Ya Hui Chen, Suresh Pallikkuth, Adit Dhummakupt, Ruth Cortado, Amanda Golner, Frederic Bone, Maria Baldo, Marcie Riches, John W. Mellors, Nicole H. Tobin, Renee Browning, Deborah Persaud, Yvonne Bryson, Patricia Anthony, Frederic Bone, Renee Browning, Yvonne Bryson, Anne Coletti, Marshall J. Glesby, Amanda Golner, Rohan Hazra, Jingmei Hsu, Ronald Mitsuyasu, Theodore B. Moore, Savita Pahwe, Deborah Persaud, Lawrence Petz, Nicole H. Tobin, Meredith G. Warshaw, Dwight Yin

Issue&Volume: 2023/03/16

Abstract: Previously, two men were cured of HIV-1 through CCR5Δ32 homozygous (CCR5Δ32/Δ32) allogeneic adult stem cell transplant. We report the first remission and possible HIV-1 cure in a mixed-race woman who received a CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord transplant (cord blood cells combined with haploidentical stem cells from an adult) to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Peripheral blood chimerism was 100% CCR5Δ32/Δ32 cord blood by week 14 post-transplant and persisted through 4.8 years of follow-up. Immune reconstitution was associated with (1) loss of detectable replication-competent HIV-1 reservoirs, (2) loss of HIV-1-specific immune responses, (3) in vitro resistance to X4 and R5 laboratory variants, including pre-transplant autologous latent reservoir isolates, and (4) 18 months of HIV-1 control with aviremia, off antiretroviral therapy, starting at 37 months post-transplant. CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haplo-cord transplant achieved remission and a possible HIV-1 cure for a person of diverse ancestry, living with HIV-1, who required a stem cell transplant for acute leukemia.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.030

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00173-3