近日，
研究人员用全世界3525个栽培和野生的归属阐明了葡萄的演化和驯化历史。在更新世，恶劣的气候促使野生葡萄生态类型因生境的不断破碎而分离。然后，驯化同时发生在大约11000年前的西亚和高加索地区，产生了食用葡萄和酿酒葡萄藤。西亚驯化的葡萄随着早期农民散布到欧洲，与古老的西方野生生态型进行了杂交，随后在新石器时代晚期沿着人类的迁徙路线进行了多样化，成为麝香葡萄和独特的西方酿酒葡萄的祖先。对驯化性状的分析也揭示了对浆果适口性、雌雄同体、麝香葡萄风味和浆果皮颜色选择的新见解。这些数据证明了葡萄树在整个欧亚大陆早期农业开始时的作用。
附：英文原文
Title: Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution
Author: Yang Dong, Shengchang Duan, Qiuju Xia, Zhenchang Liang, Xiao Dong, Kristine Margaryan, Mirza Musayev, Svitlana Goryslavets, Goran Zduni, Pierre-Franois Bert, Thierry Lacombe, Erika Maul, Peter Nick, Kakha Bitskinashvili, Gyrgy Dénes Bisztray, Elyashiv Drori, Gabriella De Lorenzis, Jorge Cunha, Carmen Florentina Popescu, Rosa Arroyo-Garcia, Claire Arnold, Ali Ergül, Yifan Zhu, Chao Ma, Shufen Wang, Siqi Liu, Liu Tang, Chunping Wang, Dawei Li, Yunbing Pan, Jingxian Li, Ling Yang, Xuzhen Li, Guisheng Xiang, Zijiang Yang, Baozheng Chen, Zhanwu Dai, Yi Wang, Arsen Arakelyan, Varis Kuliyev, Gennady Spotar, Nabil Girollet, Serge Delrot, Nathalie Ollat, Patrice This, Cécile Marchal, Gautier Sarah, Valérie Laucou, Roberto Bacilieri, Franco Rckel, Pingyin Guan, Andreas Jung, Michael Riemann, Levan Ujmajuridze, Tekle Zakalashvili, David Maghradze, Maria Hhn, Gizella Jahnke, Erzsébet Kiss, Tamás Deák, Oshrit Rahimi, Sariel Hübner, Fabrizio Grassi, Francesco Mercati, Francesco Sunseri, José Eiras-Dias, Anamaria Mirabela Dumitru, David Carrasco, Alberto Rodriguez-Izquierdo, Gregorio Muoz, Tamer Uysal, Cengiz zer, Kemal Kazan, Meilong Xu, Yunyue Wang, Shusheng Zhu, Jiang Lu, Maoxiang Zhao, Lei Wang, Songtao Jiu, Ying Zhang, Lei Sun, Huanming Yang, Ehud Weiss, Shiping Wang, Youyong Zhu, Shaohua Li, Jun Sheng, Wei Chen
Issue&Volume: 2023-03-03
Abstract: We elucidate grapevine evolution and domestication histories with 3525 cultivated and wild accessions worldwide. In the Pleistocene, harsh climate drove the separation of wild grape ecotypes caused by continuous habitat fragmentation. Then, domestication occurred concurrently about 11,000 years ago in Western Asia and the Caucasus to yield table and wine grapevines. The Western Asia domesticates dispersed into Europe with early farmers, introgressed with ancient wild western ecotypes, and subsequently diversified along human migration trails into muscat and unique western wine grape ancestries by the late Neolithic. Analyses of domestication traits also reveal new insights into selection for berry palatability, hermaphroditism, muscat flavor, and berry skin color. These data demonstrate the role of the grapevines in the early inception of agriculture across Eurasia.
DOI: add8655
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add8655